Prenatal psychology as a science emerged only recently - at the end of the last century. But the preconditions for its formation there as much as there is a living world. Everyone thought that when the child begins to live after birth, or even in the womb? Answers can be heard different, but all the same stage of birth - only a stage in a child's life.

From the history

Pregnant woman standing in all religions osobitsey .  To her special treatment from others .  And it must behave in a special way .  All rituals, signs and customs served only one purpose: to help a woman to bear a child and prepare for his birth .  For example, one of the practices was the fact that when a woman learned that she was pregnant, then hung around his neck a special bag with a raw chicken egg .  If the egg remains complete before delivery - promised child to be born healthy, and if the egg that ever happened - waiting complications .  How to solve the problem with a protective regime woman if she wanted to have a healthy baby - she did everything smoothly and measured, to keep the egg intact, and, consequently, to create optimal conditions for the development of your child .  A pregnant woman was forbidden to look at the bloody scene, it will certainly have to see pleasant images before my eyes .  And the Roma, for example, there is still a tradition to play for a pregnant woman beautiful music on the guitar - it helps develop well and gives the child a better chance that it will grow musically gifted .

Features of our time

Today, when the weakened morality and institution of the family is not as strong as we would like, pregnant women are often random and in the first trimester trying to triple their lives, deciding they leave a child or not. This affects not the best way in the relationship of mother and child, as the mother unwittingly rejects it.

In relation to the mother of your children is:

• Cold - consciously rejects the child (born at the wrong time, for example), but instinctively takes.
• Ambivalent - knowingly accepts and rejects the unconscious.
• Ideal - take the child to conscious and unconscious levels.
• Catastrophic - rejects consciously and unconsciously.

Of course, if a child is born to a mother's catastrophic - the probability of his psychosomatic diseases is very high, and due to the fact that the mother rejects it, there and behavioral disorders and psychological problems.

How to

Modern medicine, having reached a certain level of development, was able to confirm that the child is in the womb and is able to feel all emotions Emotions and culture: how to decipher the emotional code Most of all, he responds to the mood of the mother. When imaging the fetus can consider the entire range of emotions on his face.

Therefore, it is now recommended:

• Pregnancy should be planned. A woman should be confident in the fact that both she and the child will be provided with all necessary, will not need. The child must be born in a family and to be welcome.
• During pregnancy, you need to think about positive things. Engage in interesting things to get positive emotions.
• It is necessary to deal with special physical exercises Myths about exercise: do not believe To prepare for childbirth, providing for their safe.
• We need to mentally refer to the child as to the already born, a complete human being, you can talk to them, telling them what was going on around him.
• If something is troubling, it is best to talk with your child, explain the situation to him.
• It is important to remember that a child - an individual, though in the womb.
• It is best to give birth in the maternity ward, which is practiced together of mother and child, it will provide a fast adaptation of the newborn to the environment and to make contact with the mother.
• It is important to provide early breastfeeding, which significantly increases the affection of mother to child.

A good psychological atmosphere in the family creates the preconditions for good growth and successful development of the child.

Svetlana Shimkovich

Independent movement means a lot to the child, and its beginning is the most important step in the development of the child. As a rule, children successfully learn to move themselves, but if this does not happen to the eight or nine months, parents should think about the question of how to teach a child to crawl, or rather, how to help him learn how to do it.

Why is it important to crawl

Why is crawling so important? More recently, the crumb was completely dependent on the will of the parents, and now can independently go anywhere (even within a room). This is the first step towards independence, and the kids really appreciate being able to walk on their own, to know the world. During crawling not only strengthens the muscles of the arms and legs, but also to develop a personality. Crawling, the child learns to decide where to go and when to stop, and how best to achieve this goal. Formed spatial imagination, the child learns to determine the distance to the subject, which wants to achieve, and is looking for ways to overcome this distance. Adult similar problem seems simple, but the crumb is only beginning to learn to own their own bodies.

During crawling baby develops makromotorika and coordination of movements, muscles are strengthened, the body is prepared for the next step - walking. When a baby is crawling, it develops its mikromotorika: on the way a child feels the difference between hard and smooth floor carpet and touching objects lying on the floor. The development of fine motor skills, as you know, has beneficial effects on the development of speech and children that many crawling in infancy, usually more teachable than their peers who have not had a chance to crawl around the room freely. Fortunately, many children who did not have much to crawl in the first year of life, catch up in the coming years - for example, while playing on the floor. In this case, it is not necessary to straighten out the baby, causing him to take an upright position - rather, on the contrary, lay on the floor carpet is convenient for such games.

Some parents are not serious to a crawl and try to quickly put the baby in the "walkers." Of course, "walker" in his comfortable for adults, but many pediatricians believe this device is quite harmful, "walker" deprive the child opportunities to explore the world by touch - a child can only look at objects that interest him, without being able to touch them. Many adults want the baby as soon as possible go, but do not hurry up with that too. If the child is healthy, he is sure, sooner or later will be on foot and take the first steps, and not so important, it will happen for a couple of months earlier or later.

How to help your child

Typically, children begin to crawl in six or seven months. How successful will this process depends primarily on the physical development of the baby. The stronger the muscles of the legs, back and arms, the better the child will crawl. That is why it is so important in the first months of life are regularly spread baby on his stomach - this load successfully prepares the child to a crawl.

If the child did not dare to start crawling, he may need the support of adults. Shy and insecure kids are usually hesitant to move in space later than their active counterparts. Phlegmatic children also from time to time in no hurry to explore new territory. In this case, parents must often sit with a child on the floor. If you put a toy on the floor at such a distance that the child can not reach it, baby try to crawl. Next to my mother it would not scary, and quite soon the child will appreciate all the charm of a new skill. It is important that mom will not leave until the child masters the crawling - it gives the child confidence.

Of course, the first crumb will get tired and asks "to handle", but over time the process necessarily entice the child crawling. Particularly contribute to this ball game: pushing the ball, the child will tend to get it, and so will quickly learn to crawl. It is best to crawl on a hard surface, not on a thick blanket or a soft carpet - so baby will be easier to keep your balance.

The baby crawled - what next?

The life of the parents 'slider' uneasy: you must always follow the curious kid who is developing new space. The temptation is to lock the child in the arena, but this should not be done - the more a child is crawling, the better, so space limitations, it is desirable to remove as much as possible. If your child is still shy sex, adults should be there and support her baby. Also, parents can help the crumbs to make the most convenient for crawling position. Children usually crawl on my knees forward head, but some prefer to back away, and some even move sideways. Retrain kid there was no need: over time it will empirically choose the best style crawl.

Keep in mind that small children can crawl very quickly, so you should remove all dangerous objects. To understand what things can be dangerous, perhaps, an adult would have to lie on the floor: from this position well will be visible electrical outlets and wires, seductively dangling off the table cloth, the holes, which can be stuck tiny fingers, scary door that can strike the young conqueror of spaces and steep steps by which it can slide. It is advisable to put plugs in all outlets and stops - at all the doors and cabinet doors securely locked. The fact that the floor must be perfectly clean, to say, probably, too.

Shocked by the new opportunities, the child will explore everything that gets in his way, so the task of parents - to make sure that nothing potentially dangerous it is not caught. At the same time it is necessary to explain to the kid where you can crawl, and where - it is impossible. First comes a time of prohibitions: a child is taught that in any case can not touch plug or pull the wires.

Maria Bykov