Bradycardia in children is not uncommon. It may be the result of congenital sinus node automaticity reduction, which is called the pacemaker. But most of bradycardia is a consequence of different diseases and general intoxication. In any case, if the child has severe bradycardia, should consult a doctor.

What does the fetal bradycardia

Bradycardia - a decrease in heart rate (HR). It can occur already in utero. So, bradycardia embryo (the first 8 weeks of development) indicates a high risk of chromosomal abnormalities (Down's syndrome, Edwards Patoau and others). During prenatal development of the child should be carefully - very high risk of disorders of the central nervous system, heart diseases and so on.

Fetal bradycardia (after 8 weeks of development) often suggests that the fetus suffers from violations of placental circulation - it lacks nutrients and oxygen. Medical ultrasonography in this case marks the duration of bradycardia: only matters for a long or permanent reduction in heart rate. If the heart rate after a while it becomes normal or higher than normal, it is most likely talking about the immaturity of automatism sinus and is not dangerous. Bradycardia in the fetus may also say the possible formation of his congenital heart disease. This fruit is also subject to close monitoring.

Causes of bradycardia in children

The human heart is able to shrink under the influence of pulses that occur within it. This ability is called an automaton. It provides special muscles that form a series of nodes and beams in the heart - vascular system. It includes the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and branches (beams) on them, which are held to the heart muscle nerve impulses.

Sinus bradycardia in infants may be due to congenital reducing sinus automaticity - pacemaker. Pathological sinus tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit?   It may be due to birth trauma Birth injuries - than they threaten your child?   and compression of the vagus nerve.

Sinus bradycardia in children, which is not accompanied by any impairment of the child is usually not dangerous. For easy sinus bradycardia in children may develop on the background of intoxication, various diseases of the nervous and endocrine systems, and so on. Sinus bradycardia in adolescents is often associated with rapid growth, hormonal surges, vascular dystonia, the beginning of smoking, drinking and other things. But there may be good reason to have sinus bradycardia Sinus bradycardia - how to distinguish normal from pathological condition Eg myocarditis. Thus, as a rule, there are pains in the heart Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor   and dyspnea, so parents go to the doctor.

How does a child bradycardia

In adults, bradycardia manifested in heart rate less than 60 beats per 1 minute. In children of different age groups different heart rate indicators, but in any event the heart rate of the child is higher than that of an adult. In newborn infants, bradycardia is shown a decrease in heart rate to 100 beats per minute in children from 1 year to 6 years - up to 70 strokes in adolescents - 60.

Easy bradycardia in children does not usually lead to circulatory problems and does not manifest itself. In severe bradycardia, the baby may appear dizziness, weakness, attention disorders, fatigue, drops in blood pressure, faint and dizzy and fainting. When such symptoms on a bradycardia should seek medical advice immediately and examine the child.

Severe bradycardia with a sharp slowdown in heart rate may occur as a syndrome of Morgagni-Adams-Stokes equations, which is characterized by sudden onset seizures with loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest time. This syndrome occurs in disorders of the conduction between the atria and ventricles.

The child suddenly appears dizziness, dark circles before my eyes, he is pale and in a few seconds, loses consciousness, then convulsions, involuntary urination occurs infrequently, cessation of breathing and cardiac arrest. With the restoration of the heart the child quickly comes to mind, but usually does not remember what happened to him.

The treatment of bradycardia in children

Treatment bradycardia in children is usually performed only with the associated circulatory disorders (seizures weakness, dizziness, etc.). I am sure we treat the underlying disease that led to the bradycardia (eg, myocarditis or heart disease). Furthermore prescriber promoting acceleration of heart rate (belladonna, caffeine, etc.).

Bradycardia in a child requires a survey to identify its causes. To appoint such a child treated or not, and to what extent the doctor decides.

Galina Romanenko

Chickenpox in newborns is rare. The cause of this disease can be merely the absence of immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   to chickenpox Chickenpox: painful, but not dangerous   the mother or her infection with chicken pox just before birth. In the latter case, it is developing congenital chickenpox, which can be severe.

In some cases, the newborn baby can become sick with chickenpox

The newborn child (a child under the age of one month) can get sick chickenpox if his mother had not hurt the infection, and the child has been in contact with the patient. In this case, it is sure to chickenpox develops and runs hard.

Congenital chickenpox is an infection developing in the child if the mother is sick for 2-5 days before the birth and she had no time to form the immune system. Congenital form of chickenpox occur most heavily, with the development of complications in the internal organs and the central nervous system.

Protection will last about three months, after which the antibody titers Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   blood drop, and the threat of infection with chickenpox may occur. If a child under one year is on breastfeeding, along with mother's milk, he continues to receive protective antibodies against chickenpox and its duration of immunity to infection can be increased up to six months and more. If a child falls ill and, chickenpox occurs him easily.

Chicken pox in infants who are bottle-fed and infected after the age of three months, takes place, as a rule, it is difficult, because in any case, these children have impaired immunity.

Congenital chickenpox in the newborn: Symptoms

Congenital chickenpox disease is considered to be in the newborn up to 11 days of life. The disease begins in fever, vomiting, and sometimes - seizures. The child refuses the breast, characterized by apathy or, on the contrary, increased excitability. Common effects of infection continue for one - two days, after which the skin and mucous membranes of the Child there is a characteristic rash.

The disease often takes the form of generalized visceral and central nervous system. This is the hour that leads to the death of a child - may die up to a third of cases of newborns.

Chickenpox in the newborn: Symptoms

If a child falls ill after 11 days of life, chickenpox is not considered to be innate. If the child was infected from the mother, she had developed immunity to chickenpox pathogens, so the child has an infection in most cases is mild with the advent of individual elements of the rash on the skin or mucous membranes. The general condition of a newborn if it is suffering, it is not too much. After the disease is usually life-long immunity.

Chickenpox infants: symptoms

Symptoms of chickenpox in infants depends on the age of the child, the availability of immunity to chickenpox from his mother and the nature of feeding. For example, if the mother had chickenpox before and the child is breastfed, he can under the age of six months after exposure to sick or not sick with chickenpox or move it very easily.

If the mother is ill with chicken pox, but the baby is bottle-fed, the immune system will continue for three months. After this age, a child can become infected with chickenpox, and it will take the heavier than will older. Cause severe chickenpox in this case lies in the imperfections of immunity in children under one year.

Against this background, the child appear wavy deterioration, accompanied by rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. Like any other childhood infections, chicken pox in infants prone to generalization and the defeat of the internal organs and the central nervous system, so is very dangerous, sometimes fatal disease and requires hospitalization of the child.

How to treat chickenpox in neonates and infants

Treatment of chickenpox in infants should take place only under the supervision of a physician. If the child's condition worsens, your doctor may recommend hospitalization.

If moderate course is recommended to drink plenty of liquids, mainly breastfeeding (in the acute period can even abandon the imposed earlier lures). At high temperatures, the child shall be appointed by antipyretics (but not aspirin!). When the rash is accompanied by itching, prescribe antihistamines (eg Fenistil drops). A rash on the skin smeared with green paint and gel fenistil. When a rash on the mucous membranes (eg mouth) can be lubricated with oil or sea buckthorn Kalgel - a tool that is used when cutting teeth in children.

Chickenpox in the newborn should be treated only on prescription.

Galina Romanenko