Caries - is structural damage to the teeth. He is one of the most common diseases, probably second only to the common cold. The most common dental caries develops in children and young adults, but can start at any person. Tooth decay is one of the most common causes of tooth loss in younger people.

Causes

The human oral bacteria are present, which are processed into any food acid - especially sugars and starches. The bacteria, acid, food debris and saliva together form a sticky substance - plaque that accumulates on teeth. In an especially large amount of plaque found on molars. Undeleted mineralized plaque from the tooth and turns into tartar Plaque - why it should be removed? .

Plaque begins to accumulate on the teeth after twenty minutes after a meal (at this time, living bacteria in the oral cavity are the most active). If this plaque is not removed regularly and carefully begin tooth decay. Acids contained in plaque eat away the enamel, causing tooth decay develops. Holes formed in the teeth, usually do not cause pain until until they become very large, and is not affected nerves. If left untreated, may develop a dental abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers? ; moreover, deep caries Deep caries: the consequences of irresponsibility   can cause destruction of the internal structure of the tooth and eventually lead to tooth loss.

Carbohydrate intake increases the risk of tooth decay. Sticky foods also increases the risk, as it stays longer on the surface of the tooth. Frequent snacking, especially sweet foods, increase the time during which the acid in contact with the enamel, and potentially contribute to the development of caries.

Symptoms

In the early stages of tooth decay may not cause any symptoms. However, often it is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• Toothache;
• Discomfort in the teeth after eating sweet, hot or cold food or drinks.

Diagnostics

Typically, cavities are detected at early stages in the course of routine dental examinations. Using X-rays can reveal holes in the teeth that are not visible to the eye.

Treatment

The most common way to treat tooth decay Treatment of caries: avoid development   is filling. The dentist removes the damaged tissue and the tooth sets of seal materials such as an alloy of silver, gold, ceramic, or composite resin. Seals for front teeth are usually made of ceramic or composite, as they are most similar to enamel. Gold and silver alloys stronger, so they often seal up the molars.

Crowns used when the tooth structure is damaged to a great extent, and the tooth is weakened. Large in this case the seal may increase the risk of tooth decay. Therefore the most weakened or damaged areas are removed or, where possible, reduced. The remaining tissue around the tooth crown set made usually of gold, ceramic, or ceramic, attached to the metal.

In some cases, before you install the crown, along with the damaged part of the tooth must be removed and the nerve of the blood vessels.

Thanks to timely treatment is often possible to save the tooth. Treatment in the early stages of tooth decay is much less painful and not as expensive as the treatment of extensive destruction of tooth structure.

Prevention

For the prevention of dental caries is necessary to pass inspection at least once a year. Oral hygiene also helps prevent tooth decay. This should include regular professional dental cleaning (preferably every six months), the normal cleaning of the teeth not less than twice a day and cleaning using dental floss at least once a day.

Sticky foods (such as dried fruits) are best eaten with meals, not as snacks. If possible, brush your teeth after every meal.

White teeth not only look glamorous - they inform the world about the high social status and culture of its owner. But in pursuit of a Hollywood smile, not all thinking about how bad you teeth whitening. Meanwhile, this procedure has many side effects and contraindications.

The choice of bleaching

The decision to choose one or another method of whitening tooth enamel has to take the doctor after a thorough inspection. If the teeth are easy to bleaching, it can be used more sparing agents; If the enamel is lightened with difficulty, it is advisable to use a significant whitening systems. If for some reason it is impossible to consult a physician, in any case it is recommended to start with the most Berezhnykh whitening methods, if necessary, changing to more aggressive.

Using the "home" means often contributes to the destruction of enamel. This is due to the fact that in the home is difficult to calculate the desired dose of the active substances and excess doses can damage the tooth surface. Tooth whitening at the dentist safer, but in this situation there are unpleasant side effects of bleaching.

Contraindications

You can whiten your teeth is not all. During pregnancy and lactation Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!   this procedure should be abandoned. In addition, bleaching is not carried out in the presence of many diseases, when taking certain medications, when excessive tooth sensitivity Tooth Sensitivity - sudden pain When thinned tooth enamel. It is impossible to whiten teeth with cavities; periodontal disease and gum are also a contraindication to bleaching. Whitening and contraindicated in patients under the age of eighteen years - at this age, tissue formation is not finished yet. Allergic reactions to bleaching agents are also contraindicated.

If the front teeth have fillings or crowns, after bleaching will have to replace them - a composite material for the procedure, not has cleared, and will stain the teeth uneven. If you have a large number of seals is better to abandon bleaching, because the result will look unaesthetic. It makes no sense to whiten teeth heavy smokers: the first days after the procedure is prohibited to smoke, and smoking in the future very quickly lead to the fact that your teeth turn yellow again.

Harm whitening

How does teeth whitening in the clinic and at home? Atomic oxygen formed by decomposition of hydrogen peroxide destroys tooth pigmentation and enamel color becomes considerably lighter. When whitening at the dentist used very concentrated peroxide solutions, the effect of which is further enhanced with ultraviolet or laser; home whitening recommended less concentrated formulations. But in any case, the composition penetrates into the enamel, which, as we know, even the layman, it does not add to the hardness. Folk remedies also destroy the enamel: it becomes thinner and permeable.

Is it terrible damage the enamel? Of course, damage to the enamel will not lead to the immediate loss of the teeth, but can affect the quality of life. In particular, the teeth after bleaching often become hypersensitive. This means that they are sensitive, for example, to temperature changes - eat hot or cold foods can be extremely unpleasant, even painful. In some cases, the discomfort may occur in the use of sweet or sour food, and sometimes - even when breathing or conversation: air flows also irritate the tooth enamel. Over time, the discomfort blunted, and to speed up the process, patients are assigned drugs designed to restore the level of minerals in the tissues of the tooth.

Side effects of bleaching

After the bleaching, appear on the surface of the teeth grooves that make the teeth less resistant to mechanical stress. So no white teeth nibble nuts, especially if the teeth were so fragile.

The process of whitening teeth tissues derived not only the pigments but also minerals such as calcium and phosphorus. This can lead to demineralization of tooth tissues, and further threatens to caries. So after the whitening teeth may need to be performed remineralizatsionnoy therapy and deep fluoridation of teeth.

Even healthy teeth in the first days after bleaching become overly sensitive to the chemical and thermal stimuli. As a rule, this sensitivity disappears within two or three days. If the pain is very uncomfortable, help painkillers and tooth cleaning is recommended to use special toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth.

During the whitening the teeth with untreated caries may penetrate into the tooth whitening gel: it can lead to acute pulpitis. If the whitening gel gets on the gums, it may cause a burning sensation and irritation of the gums.

All these side effects are particularly pronounced when used for tooth whitening Teeth whitening - which option is right for you?   conventional hydrogen peroxide (the old "popular" method). In special bleaching gels are used by dentists for bleaching teeth, the effect of hydrogen peroxide is mitigated by other components: carbamide peroxide, glycerol Glycerine: a miracle ingredient for skin and hair   and others. That is why professional whitening is considered to be less traumatic method than wiping the teeth with hydrogen peroxide in the home; However, even with professional whitening side effects - are not uncommon.

Many home remedies not only whiten your teeth as they are removed from the plaque. In this enamel may also suffer into coarse powder particles of activated charcoal or soda sensitive scratch the surface of the teeth.