The thickening of the uterine wall - a concept that is acceptable for both gynecologic pathology and for midwifery. The thickening of the uterine wall - a ultrasound indicator and during routine gynecological examination Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   can only be suspected deviation from the norm, and confirm the diagnosis and identify the disease only allows ultrasound. In addition, pelvic ultrasound, and in particular of the uterus, are subject to additional methods such as hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging. But not in all cases, thickening the uterine wall can talk about the disease.

The structure of the uterine wall

The uterus is a round hole, and its walls consist of three layers. The outer layer which covers the uterus, which is in the pelvis - is serous submitted peritoneum. Middle, the thickest layer is a muscle, or myometrium. Its function is to reduce the uterus during menstruation, childbirth, postpartum and postabortion period.

The inner layer is composed of a mucous membrane, which is called the endometrium undergoes periodic changes throughout the menstrual cycle.

The main causes thickening of the uterine wall

The term "thickening of the uterine wall", as noted, the ultrasonic parameter and identifies the following pathologies:

• the threat of termination of pregnancy;
• uterine fibroids;
• adenomyosis of the uterus;
• endometritis.

Threat of abortion

During the ultrasound, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, often a mismatch is detected thickness of the front and back walls of the uterus. This feature is found in up to five weeks of pregnancy, no evidence of disease, but only demonstrates the implantation of the ovum in the uterine wall. In case of local hypertonicity of the uterus, changes in the shape of the embryo (it becomes the navicular or teardrop), changes in the outer contour of the uterus (uterine wall to lift the plot on a flat surface) can assume the threat of termination of pregnancy.

But US data have confirmed the presence of the clinical picture (complaints of dragging pain in the abdomen, lower back, spotting). In addition, during an ultrasound examination revealed subhorialnaya hematoma (a small portion of the streamed blood as a result of detachment of the ovum). Sometimes typical ultrasound signs of hypertonicity of the uterus are found as a result of irritation of the uterine wall sensor, excitement, women and the absence of symptoms is not considered to be signs of the threat of interruption.

Hysteromyoma

Myoma nodules are detected virtually every woman older than 30 years. They may have different dimensions and arranged in the bottom, the body (the front or rear wall) close to the uterus or cervix. Depending on the location of myoma nodules in a particular layer of the uterus secrete submucosal fibroids (node ​​grows in the uterus), muscle (nodes located deep in the myometrium) and subserous (node ​​grows into the abdominal cavity).

Clinically myoma nodules (with their large size) appear irregular menstruation, uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding outside of menstruation - a sign of a serious breach , Abdominal pain, constipation and urinary disorders, infertility. Myoma nodules of small size do not require treatment. During a pelvic exam palpated dense, hilly or uneven uterus, sometimes with large individual sites.

Adenomyosis of the uterus

Adenomyosis of the uterus, or internal endometriosis is diagnosed based on characteristic symptoms and ultrasound data. On palpation of the uterus before menstruation detected spherical, somewhat increased in size and uterine tenderness. Patients complain of spotting before menstruation, the occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse and menstruation, no pregnancies.

On US cellular structure is defined by the wall of the uterus, its thickening, rough boundary between the mucosa and the muscular wall of the uterus.

Endometritis

Endometritis - an inflammation of the uterus Inflammation of the uterus: required hospitalization Which is manifested by pains in the abdomen Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm? A violation of cycle, pus-like, foul-smelling discharge, signs of intoxication (fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting). When bimanual palpation is determined painful increase in the size of the uterus. On US noticeable thickening of the endometrium, its heterogeneous structure, areas of fibrosis and calcification.

Anna Sozinova

Inflammation of the ovaries - the defeat of the paired gonads of female genital infectious agents. Predisposing factors that cause inflammation of the ovaries are many and varied. These are all the things that weaken the body's defenses. Hypothermia, stress, childbirth and abortion, as well as many other things can cause the development of diseases. Symptoms of inflammation of the ovaries are many, and often the diagnosis - oophoritis - it is difficult to put right. The doctor must differentiate between inflammation of the ovaries from other diseases, since only the correct diagnosis depends on the quality and effectiveness of treatment.

The clinical picture of inflammation of the ovaries depends on the form of the disease (acute, subacute or chronic), the causative agent of the inflammatory process, the presence of extragenital pathology and others.

Pain

Outside the ovary is covered by dense tunica, which protects it from penetration of pathological microorganisms. In case of contact with infectious agents inside the ovary, which often happens to break the follicle and release a mature egg develops pain. Lining ovarian well supplied with blood and innervated. Pain when oophoritis occurs due to irritation of nerve endings, and the increased size of the ovaries resulting in inflammation.

In chronic inflammation of the ovaries constant pain, aching, or dull and increases during acute process.

Intoxication

Due to the rapid growth and reproduction of microorganisms developing pathological intoxication syndrome (response to bacterial products). In patients with increased body temperature, nausea and vomiting. In addition, patients complain of lack of appetite, weakness and fatigue. Also, against the backdrop of rising temperatures and the progression of the inflammatory process observed rapid pulse and pale skin (due to the development of hypovolemia).

Violation of the other systems

Inflammation of the ovaries leads to the breakdown of all other systems of the body. The most common digestive process involves (a disorder of the chair), urinary (frequent and painful urination), and hepatobiliary system. Additionally, patients with chronic inflammation of the ovary Inflammation of the ovaries - the invisible disease   often develop neurosis and depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood , Which significantly reduces the able-bodied women.

These pelvic exam

During a pelvic exam Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   in appendages palpable and painful enlarged ovaries that are not displaced or have low mobility due to the development of adhesions. Often oophoritis occurs on the background of endometriosis, in which case the detectable slightly enlarged and painful uterus. In addition, palpation of lateral and posterior vaginal vault is determined by their pasty and pain that is associated with propotevanie of ovarian fluid in the pelvis.

These laboratory tests

When inflammation of the ovaries change blood Blood tests: a mirror of health . In general, a blood test is observed inflammatory reaction (leukocytosis with a left shift in leukocyte counts, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate). In the biochemical analysis of a decline of the total protein, the increase in liver enzymes. These changes are due to a decrease in circulating blood volume.

Menstrual dysfunction

Menstrual dysfunction is most characteristic of chronic inflammation of the ovaries. There have intermenstrual bleeding, spotting before and after menstruation, heavy menstruation. This symptom is caused by hormonal imbalances.

Development pelvioperitonita

Often, the inflammation develops pelvioperitonit ovaries (pelvic peritonitis), so in the process involves the pelvic peritoneum. There have been signs of peritoneal irritation, abdominal muscle tension and tenderness.

Anna Sozinova