Men as well as women, often suffer from inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. One of the most common inflammatory disease is an inflammation of the testes. Inflammation of the testicles (orchitis) delivers not only a man expressed the inconvenience and causes pain, it can also be the cause of male infertility. Therefore, in the event of complaints of men from the testicles should immediately consult a urologist, not to start the process and preserve fertility.

A little anatomy

Testicles, or testes are the male reproductive glands. Testicles are located in the right and left halves of scrotum. The upper pole of each testis is connected to the spermatic cord, which is composed of shell eggs, testicular artery testicular vein and the vas deferens. On the external side surfaces of localized testicular appendages. On palpation of the scrotum defined rounded education, which are elastic consistency. Testicles in men, as well as ovaries in women have important roles in the body. The first function of the testicles is to produce the male sex hormone - testosterone Five myths about testosterone . Secondly the problem is the formation of testicular sperm (male sex cells, without which the process of fertilization is not possible). Epididymis participate in carrying sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens, and in them there is maturation of sperm.

Inflammation of the testicles and its causes

Inflammation of the testicle called scientific orchitis (from the Greek word orchis - egg). Orchitis can act both as an independent disease or as a complication of infectious processes. Inflammation of the testicles may occur at any age (even newborns), but is most common in adult men. There are acute and chronic inflammation of the testicles. The reasons, which result in orchitis:

• comorbidities urogenital (epididymitis, urethritis Urethritis - a very male disease , Prostatitis Prostatitis: how to deal with pain   and others);
• mechanical damage to the scrotum, testicular injury (hitting, compression);
• diseases, sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus   and others);
• infectious diseases (influenza, SARS, brucellosis, pneumonia and others);
• Mumps or mumps (often complicated by inflammation of the testicles);
• autoimmune processes;
• in newborns as a result of penetration of infection through the umbilical vessels in the testicles.

Clinical manifestations

As noted above, isolated acute and chronic orchitis. The main feature of the disease is pain in the affected ovary. The pain can be so intense that the patient takes a forced situation, and almost unable to walk. The skin of the scrotum by the defeat giperemiruyutsya, and the very sharp increase in testicle size and very painful on palpation. The pain in inflammation of the testis / testes may radiate to the lumbar and sacral region, lower limbs. In addition, the patient is showing signs of intoxication: there was a significant increase in body temperature, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and weakness and fatigue.

In the case of mumps orchitis, a complication of an infectious disease is manifested in the third to fourteenth day of illness. Approximately 50% of men who have had mumps, the affected ovary begins to produce much less sperm.

In the absence or poor quality treatment may develop ovarian abscess or chronic process, which is accompanied by constant aching in the testicles and lead to infertility.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis and treatment of orchitis held urologist. Primarily the doctor collects the history and complaints and carries out palpation of the testes. In addition, for the diagnosis of inflammation of the testicles are subject to additional methods of inspection: ultrasound of the scrotum, transillumination. Appointed by laboratory tests: blood tests and urine, urine culture, detection of infections transmitted sexually.

Treatment

Treatment of orchitis performed in a hospital. The patient is assigned to rest and a balanced diet (do not receive acute and fatty foods). The leading role in the treatment of inflammation of the testicles take antibiotics. Furthermore, appointed absorbable drugs, enzymes, vitamins and infusion therapy. In the case of abscess or tuberculous lesions shown testicular surgery (removal of the testicles).

Anna Sozinova

Interstitial cystitis - a rare disease which largely depends on the individual structure of the bladder wall and metabolic processes in this area. It occurs a disease in both women and men, but women experience them, yet more often.

What is interstitial cystitis and the reasons for its development

It called cystitis bladder inflammation Inflammation of the bladder - inconvenient and unpleasant . This process can take place in different ways, including in the form of interstitial nephritis involving all layers of the bladder wall, which is also called simple ulcer bladder.

The inflammatory process in this case begins in the submucosal layer, and gradually moving inland, affecting the entire bladder wall. Violation of metabolic processes in the bladder wall leads to necrosis (death of) tissue and the formation of ulcers. In those places where the inflammation is over, the tissue of the bladder wall scarring, replaced by connective tissue.

As a result of this process the bladder gradually shrinks and decreases in volume that is formed shriveled bladder in violation of its core functions - the reservoir of urine. Reasons why begins a form of cystitis is not yet completely clarified. It is believed that this is the result of disorders of the nervous trophism bladder walls.

IC sick more often women in the second half of life, after 45 years. Often it coincides with the climacteric period during which there is imbalance of the central nervous system.

How is

Proceeds interstitial cystitis long, with an increase in symptoms and irreversible changes in the bladder. Its main features are the growing violation of urination and the appearance at the end of urinating blood.

Painful urination, and are becoming more frequent. As soon as the reduced bladder capacity, their number can reach up to several tens of times a day. In addition, patients concerned about the constant aching pain in the abdomen Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm? . Sometimes, when the inflammatory process in the wall of the bladder, impaired general condition, fever, impaired performance.

Diagnosis of interstitial cystitis

The diagnosis of cystitis can be set on the basis of specific complaints of the patient and the urine. But in order to identify interstitial cystitis, cystoscopy is necessary - study of the state of internal surface of the bladder using a cystoscope. During cystoscopy on the surface of the bladder wall (usually on the top or side) shows a sharp painful ulcer circular diameter of 2 cm. Around the ulcer is usually not expressed inflammatory changes. Usually there is only one ulcer, which eventually scarring, and then there is a new - well formed shriveled bladder.

A diagnosis of interstitial cystitis put not so simple: the ulcer is often like a tubercular process, and for some types of cancer. Therefore, during cystoscopy is sometimes taken a piece of tissue for analysis (biopsy) in order to avoid cancer. Exclude tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   bacteriological tests to help - in the absence of ulcer Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The treatment of interstitial cystitis

Treatment of interstitial nephritis should be complex. Prescriber, normalizes the central nervous system, relieves spasms of smooth muscles (just such musculature is in the wall of the bladder and its spasm can disrupt blood flow in this part of the bladder), anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial (if necessary after determining the sensitivity to them pathogens infection), desensitizing (reducing allergies) funds.

The bladder is administered solutions of glucocorticoid hormones with antibiotics and analgesics - it prevents the formation of fibrous connective tissue. Appointed as physiotherapy, aimed at improving blood circulation in the bladder.

Improvement of conservative treatment can occur only in intensive care in the early stages of the disease. If the process has progressed far and wrinkling of the bladder, it will only removal of the bladder and intestinal plastic - the formation of the bladder from the intestine of the patient. For this purpose, usually taken portions of the large intestine (ileum and sigmoid colon).

Interstitial cystitis Cystitis: urgently take action   - It's hard to progressive disease and it would be better to identify at an early stage when there is still an opportunity to do without surgery.

Galina Romanenko