Urogenital ureaplasmosis
Ureaplasmosis - inflammation of the urogenital system
or mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasmosis - infection does not always equal disease
is a disease that is caused by various microorganisms family mycoplasma (ureaplasma and mycoplasma). This family includes 180 species of mycoplasmas, wherein only a part of them must be taken into account with regard to their effect on the pathogenic organism. Ureaplasmas reasons that lead to the expression of disease-causing properties of pathogens, are diverse.
The ability to cause infectious processes
Until now, scientists did not have a definite opinion about the role of the family in the development of mycoplasma infections. One group of scientists believes that these micro-organisms must be classified as an opportunistic group that can only under certain conditions cause pathological changes in the body. Another group of researchers argues that it is absolutely the pathogens responsible for the development of infectious processes.
According to epidemiological data urogenitelnye ureaplasmas not apply to those pathogens that have sexual transmission. Moreover, they are able to multiply in the urogenital tract, without causing inflammation at a certain concentration (if titer of 10 * 4 CFU / ml). Mycoplasmas can be detected when determining qualitative (diagnostic PCR or polymerase chain reaction) in healthy subjects in a fairly large percentage (5-15% of healthy women). As a causal factor of inflammatory diseases of reproductive sphere, this type of agent is determined almost 80% of clinical cases. There are separate clinical form - carriage ureaplasmas when there are no clinical signs of the disease, a microorganism found in a titer of 10 * 3 cfu / ml or less.
Cause significant role ureaplasmas
Most ureaplasmas are not pathogens, but some species have pathogenic properties and lead to the development of diseases of inflammatory nature. Ureplazmu detected even in healthy newborn children (17, 5%), and perinatal pathology frequency of their isolation
Discharges in women when there is cause for concern
It increased to 66%.
The family are up to 180 mycoplasma species of microorganisms, wherein the human is essential only 14 species, among them:
- U. urealyticum
- M. hominis
- M. pneumoniae
- M. penetrans
- M. orale
- M. buccale
Ureaplasmas are free-living, the minimum size of prokaryotes, which have features that allow them to exist in macroorganism owner, ie the person
. Mycoplasma has a wide genetic heterogeneity
. In adapting to a new host genetic variation occurs mycoplasmas
. The main route of transmission of urogenital mycoplasma infection is sexual way, which occurs more often
. They can also occur hematogenous, transplacental infection and the upward path
. Propagation takes place by upward from the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes for further into the abdominal cavity
. Transplacental and ascending path characterized by greater for pediatric practice, since infection of the fetus occurs these ways
. There are still a way of infection - translocation, ie the transfer of ureaplasmas from one body to another
. The incubation period for the development of the disease, on average can be up to 20 days
.
The highest value among the causal factors of a disease Ureaplasma association with other types of microorganisms, such as bacterial or facultative anaerobic flora. This is due to the presence in them expressed enzymatic activity (phospholipase, proteolytic activity) which is synergistic with the same activity as the representatives of the bacterial flora. If the disease is caused by microorganisms Association, the clinical picture will prevail systemic destruction, the tendency for long-term, recurrent course. It noted the development of drug-resistant, resistant forms of pathogens, which largely hinders the process of therapy. Antibiotic treatment in this case would be ineffective.
Marina Solovyov
