Behcet's disease occurs genital lesion, but this is only one symptom of the disease. In addition to the genital organs are also affected mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes. The disease was first described by the Turkish dermatologist Behçet in 1937.
What is Behcet's disease
Behcet's disease - a systemic vasculitis
Vasculitis - when blood vessels refuse to work
Which manifested the characteristic triad of aphthous ulcers of the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes and genitals. The process also involved joints and internal organs. The disease is chronic recurrent septic allergic in nature and manifests as thrombophlebitis, bleeding in the skin, the appearance of blood in the urine
Blood in the urine - a reason for serious concern
, Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, hemoptysis, painful swelling of the salivary and lacrimal glands, brain damage with symptoms of meningitis
Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges
.
This disease affects mostly the blood vessels of small and medium caliber, they are destroyed walls immune complexes and thrombus formation, leading to impaired blood supply to tissues and organs.
The cause of the disease are genetic predisposition, susceptibility to allergies and infections, including chronic foci of infection in the body.
Symptoms
Behcet's disease is a chronic course with constant relapses and remissions of varying duration. Disease begins acutely, with a rash on the mucous membranes. But sometimes the triad can be incomplete: not affected all interested bodies.
First, the sores appear on the oral mucosa. This first appear aphthas with muddy contents, which after some time turn into bright red circular sores up to 10 mm in diameter, located on the gums, tongue, cheeks and lips mucous. Often these sores are merged together to form large ulcerated surface. Sores in the mouth are not prone to scarring and can pass on their own.
On the mucous membranes of the genitals is observed surface, sharply painful aphthous ulcers or deep process. First, on the mucosa appear single or multiple bubbles or blisters (bubbles with pus), which are then converted into aphthae. They have a diameter of 15 mm, a circular shape, yellowish bottom edge of the soft red and yellow color discharge. Ulcers begin with submucosal bumps that followed necrotic ulceration. After healing, the AFL and sores on the genitals remain scars.
Sometimes elements rashes appear on the skin in the form of various types of erythema, folliculitis with purulent content pustules under the nails, and so on. Erythema nodosum often occurs in women on the front of the leg, has a high morbidity, goes alone, leaving brown spots on the skin. Folliculitis often develops in men on the face, neck, back.
On the mucous membranes of eye disease can manifest as lesions of conjunctiva, cornea, ciliary body. In severe cases, the process can go on the optic nerve to the development of blindness or a significant decrease in visual acuity. It may also develop secondary glaucoma
Glaucoma - a perspective possible blindness
(increased intraocular pressure).
The disease can be complicated by the defeat of the joints, usually the knee or ankle. Complications also arise in connection with the distribution at large vein vasculitis - retinal upper and lower vena cava. This leads to increased thrombosis and complications in the internal organs.
With long-term course of the disease can occur multiple lesions of the internal organs, including the central nervous system with the development of meningitis and blindness occur.
Diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis is based on histological examination of tissue sections taken from the mucous membranes or skin rashes. On histological tissue sections clearly visible characteristic vascular changes. Immunological studies reveal the presence of vascular wall immune antigen-antibody complexes.
Treatment is carried out with the use of antihistamines, calcium supplements, antibiotics (the process is almost always associated infection) and glucocorticoid hormones.
Outwardly mouth washed with antiseptic solution (potassium permanganate, boric acid, extracts of calendula, St. John's wort). These same solutions and do sit-baths. They are used as an ointment to glucocorticoid hormones.
Behcet's disease - a serious illness that can occur for a long time, gradually capturing all the new organs and tissues. Therefore, it is important to see a doctor in time and spend a full treatment.
Galina Romanenko