Types of Breast Cancer Screening

Despite the high level of modern technologies of diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic diseases of the breast is one of the most difficult problems, as is often the cause of death as childbearing and the elderly. The reason for this phenomenon lies in the fact that almost half of the women there are different versions of mastitis - a disease that often precedes tumor. The main purpose of any examination of the breast is a breast cancer screening in the initial stages, as well as precancerous conditions, which include some types of mastopathy Breast - the mirror Women's Health   (hormonal breast disease), cysts and benign tumors.

It is no secret that breast cancer in the early stages and treated well virtually impossible to treat in the later stages.

Currently, women older than 35 years should undergo an annual breast examination and conduct regular breast self-examination (teaching physician mammolog). Mandatory annual survey includes breast ultrasound (US), X-ray (mammogram) and mammalogy inspection surgeon. If necessary, designate additional examination: biopsy - taking from the tumor cells and tissues with subsequent laboratory testing, magnetic razonansnaya imaging, computed tomography, blood tests for tumor markers, mammoscintigraphy.

Difficulty in diagnosis of breast cancer consist in the fact that its structure depends on the age and hormonal women. Status breast tissue changes during life and has a clear dependence on the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Ultrasonography

Ultrasound examination of the breast is included in the mandatory list of research, it is absolutely harmless, painless, holding it is available to every woman. Ultrasound can detect cysts, benign tumors, mastopaticheskie nodes, malignant tumors. Under the control of the ultrasonic beam can be performed puncture discovered formations. Ultrasound examination is usually carried out with X-ray - this gives more accurate results.

X-ray examination

In the list of mandatory studies included breast mammograms - X-ray of the breast that is performed on a special device - mammography, first in a straight line projection, and then in an oblique - it gives the most complete picture of the breast. Mammography is also a simple and painless method of research, but since it is based on X-ray irradiation of tissue, a mammogram every six months is not carried out.

For suspected intraductal tumors (eg, papilloma) held ductography - with the introduction of X-ray contrast agent in the breast ducts.

Status cysts can be checked using pneumocystography - X-ray study, produced after a puncture (puncture) and cyst removal of its contents. In this study, the cavity of the cyst is introduced air, which pushes the cyst wall, and allows you to explore their inner surface.

For a more detailed study of breast tumor or if it can not be detected by mammography Mammography - protection against breast cancer   used computer and magnetic resonance tomography.

Mammoscintigraphy

Mammoscintigraphy carried out by means of radioactive substances, which are able to accumulate in malignant tumors. It is relatively safe and very informative method allowing a high degree of reliability to determine the nature of the tumor, its location and extent.

Tumor markers

Currently, cases of suspected cancer research is conducted for the presence of tumor markers of blood - proteins that are released by cells of a malignant tumor. The detection of such markers suggests that somewhere in the body develops a malignant tumor.

A biopsy of the breast

Biopsy - a take on the study of tissue or fluid from the formation in the breast. With breast cancer biopsies Breast cancer: what every woman needs to know   It can be detected at an early, treatable stage. Repeat biopsy helps to clarify the effectiveness of the treatment.

Biopsies can be puncture, aspiration and incisional. At biopsy to mammary tumors and the syringe needle is inserted is sucked small amount of tissue, which is subsequently examined in histological laboratory to identify cancer cells Malignant tumor: cells are mad . Aspiration biopsy is performed when breast cysts - taken from the cyst fluid for research. The procedure is both a medical - after removing fluid cyst wall fallen down and it disappears. The resulting liquid microscopy reveals malignant tumor cells. An incisional biopsy - the removal of the tumor with subsequent term (until the patient on the operating table) laboratory testing.

Do not forget to see your doctor regularly, mammalogy!

  Galina Romanenko

Inflammatory diseases of the breast

Since the mammary gland play an important role in childbirth, the changes occurring therein during the life affect sex hormone secreted by the ovaries. All diseases of the breast in one way or another connected with hormonal women, especially swinging tumors, both benign and malignant. Breast disease can be divided into inflammatory caused by hitting the breast tissue infections (purulent, fungal, tuberculosis, syphilis, etc.), mastopathy, cysts and tumors, which in turn are divided into benign and malignant.

Inflammation of the breast called mastitis. There are acute and chronic mastitis. The disease usually affects one breast, at least - two.

Acute mastitis usually occurs in the postpartum period due to the stagnation of milk in the breast. If there are scratches on the nipple, through them into the mammary gland infection can penetrate and start purulent inflammation. Mastitis occurs in two phases - inflammation (reversible phase) and abscess formation (festering - an irreversible phase).

The disease begins with pain and fever. Increases and becomes painful nearby lymph nodes in the armpit. After 3-5 days in the breast appears pus.

If acute mastitis is not treated or treated properly, it can become chronic with exacerbations and remissions (states outside exacerbations).

Treatment of acute mastitis depends on the phase of the disease. In the first phase may conservatively (without surgery) treatment. Mammary gland attached to the exalted position to express milk, antibiotics are appointed. When abscess treatment should be continued in the hospital, as the only rational method of treatment is surgery.

Disease of the breast

Breast - a growth of breast tissue in violation of hormonal women. The leading role belongs to violations of the regulatory activity of the central nervous system. Violated and activity centers of the brain responsible for endocrine function (hypothalamus and pituitary) and the activity of the ovaries that produce hormones. Mastitis may be due to intoxications and infections. Such women are usually observed menstrual irregularities. Often mastopathies found inflammation in the uterine appendages.

The main manifestations of mastitis are pain, induration of breast and nipple discharge. There are widespread (diffuse) and nodal mastopathy. Diffuse form is clearly linked to the menstrual cycle - all of its manifestations are amplified before menstruation. Nodal mastopathy Breast - the mirror Women's Health   manifests the appearance of single or multiple sites, do not vary with the menstrual cycle.

The diagnosis of mastitis is placed on the basis of characteristic symptoms, the study of blood hormones, ultrasound and X-ray examinations of the breast.

Diffuse breast treated by restoring normal hormonal levels, nodular - quickly.

Lactocele

Cysts of the breast - a cavity filled with liquid, there are often formed from the milk ducts and are single and group. Sometimes cysts cause pain. Usually cyst formation is associated with the development of female sex hormones estrogen and disruption of normal hormonal levels when taking oral contraceptives.

Treatment of cysts often carried out by drainage: the doctor inserts a needle into the cyst cavity and sucks the liquid, and then the walls of her subside. If within one month at the same Mete cyst is formed again, the cyst is removed promptly.

Benign breast tumors

Most benign breast tumors develop from cells of its lobes and ducts (fibroadenoma, papilloma). Less common tumors of connective (fibroids), muscle (fibroids), fat (lipoma) tissue and vascular tumors (angioma).

Intraductal papilloma grows in the milk ducts near the nipple, a sign of her - or the appearance of blood-stained transparent selections Transparent allocation when they are normal?   from one teat. Fibroadenoma occurs in women of childbearing age and consists of connective and glandular tissue. Its dimensions may be from 1 to 20 cm in diameter. Typically, fibroadenomas are few and they may be formed in any portion of the breast. Lipoma - a tumor of adipose tissue, it is painless, easily detectable.

The diagnosis of a benign tumor A benign tumor - is not always safe   confirmed by ultrasound and X-ray investigations. Treatment operative.

Mammary cancer

Breast cancer - the most common form of cancer in women. Cancer can not spread beyond the milk ducts and lobules, and may extend beyond their borders (metastasize) and affect other organs. Promote cancer: heredity, age (more common in older women), hormonal fluctuations, early (before 12 years) onset of menstruation, late (after age 55) menopause, the first birth in adulthood (after 30 years) age.

The feature of breast cancer is that it is perfectly curable at early stages, but with great difficulty - in advanced cases. Therefore, great importance is attached to detection of cancer is at the first sign of it. Cancer Treatment operative, is also carried out radiotherapy and chemotherapy Chemotherapy - it always falls the hair? .

All women should be aware that the breast should be examined on a regular basis!

  Galina Romanenko