When breast cancer survival, as well as projections for the future are always serious. The fact that as any cancer, breast cancer Breast cancer: what every woman needs to know   behaves unpredictably and sometimes even after the right time and the treatment sometimes leaves traces. At the time of relapse, of course, beneficial effect on the life expectancy of women.

Breast cancer - some figures

Breast cancer - a cancer that most often affects women, and as is often the cause of their death. The incidence of this cancer has been steadily increasing throughout the world. Moreover, all experts point out a direct relationship survival of women with breast cancer (BC) on the stage of the process, in which treatment was initiated.

Nevertheless, every ten women with primary breast cancer detection have already been identified metastasis to distant organs, causing them to die within the first year after treatment. One in ten women are at risk of breast cancer.

In our country, the incidence of breast cancer is equal to an average of 35 cases per 100,000 women. However, these cases are unevenly distributed over the age Less total of 20 years (oklol 0, 6) and the most - 65 (about 130). In old age, and higher mortality from breast cancer.

The introduction into clinical practice skrinningovyh diagnostic methods (eg, mammography, self-) slightly increased detection of breast cancer in the early stages and reduce mortality, but did not solve the problem completely. The same problems faced by oncologists and other countries, so the efforts of medical science today are aimed at introduction of new methods of detecting breast cancer skrinningovyh early.

The national average in the different stages of breast cancer is detected in the following proportions: 1-2 stage is detected in 60% of cases, 27% stadiya- 3 and 4 stadiya- 13%.

In different countries there are different morbidity and mortality from breast cancer. The leaders of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries of Europe and America, that seems to be associated with high neuro-psychiatric and emotional stress. In Asia and Africa, the numbers on the order of magnitude smaller.

Five-year survival of patients with breast cancer

Five-year survival of patients with breast cancer is a major indicator of the effectiveness of the treatment. For breast cancer, the figure is 55%. This means that more than half of infected women live more than 5 years, but that the overall rate, which is significantly different at different stages of the disease and at different ages.

On survival in breast cancer affects a number of factors. First, the size of the tumor, its metastasis to nearby lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system   and distant organs, histological type of tumor. The positive prognostic sign is the presence of tumor receptors to female sex hormones - estrogen and progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . This indicates that the tumor is hormone-dependent and can be treated by suppressing the susceptibility of cancer cells to hormones.

There are other receptors, the presence of which in a large amount is unfavorable factor is the HER-2-neu-receptors are released and normal and cancer cells (but cancer cells secrete them several times. The presence of this factor indicates tumor resistance to treatment.

Stages of development of breast cancer and survival in these patients

From the stage at which the cancer was diagnosed, the survival rate depends on women:

• Stage 0 breast cancer - the so-called preinvasive cancer (cancer in situ - carcinoma in situ), in which the tumor is a cluster of malignant transformed cells, bred in the breast tissue or ducts, and still does not extend to the surrounding tissue; desyatilnetnyaya survival in this step comes to 98%;
• Stage I - formed tumors up to 2 cm in diameter, but it has not spread to the surrounding tissues and prevents metastasis; survival - 96%
• Stage II is divided into stages IIA and IIB; Stage IIA - tumor less than 2 cm in diameter with metastatic axillary lymph nodes (affected no more than three lymph nodes), or swelling of up to 5 cm in diameter without metastases in the axillary lymph nodes Axillary lymph nodes - signals about trouble in the mammary glands ; Stage IIB - tumors up to 5 cm in diameter, with metastases to 1-3 axillary lymph nodes, or more than 5 cm in diameter without lymph node metastases; 10-year survival rate - 75-90%;
• Stage III lasts three stages - IIIA, IIIB and IIIC; Stage IIIA - the tumor less than 5 cm in diameter, plus metastases in 4-9 axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes in the chest cavity on the same side where the tumor; the ten-year survival rate - 65-75%; Stage IIIB cancer has grown and reached the front of the skin or chest wall, as well as cancer of mastitis; the ten-year survival rate is 10-40%; Stage IIIC breast cancer - a tumor in the breast plus axillary metastases in breast and lymph nodes; the ten-year survival rate of about 10%;
• Stage IV - tumor metastasis to distant organs; the ten-year survival rate of less than 10%.

Galina Romanenko

The reasons for sore nipples may be different. Most often, they hurt when breast-feeding, if he might not be pulling the nipple. But there are other reasons for sore nipples - inflammatory or hormonal breast disease.

Sore nipples during breast-feeding

During feeding baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast tenderness often nipples. Sometimes it occurs immediately after childbirth and lasts long. The reason for the pain can be to update the epithelium on the nipple - is a natural process and as long as the surface of the nipple will not become a little rough, they will get sick. Natural pain in the nipples appears with the rapid arrival of milk.

However, the cause of pain in the nipple can be more serious, for example, cracks and abrasions nipples. They occur, usually due to incorrect gripping teat child. The nipple should be captured while feeding the baby with mouth areola - the areola, and sponge the child should be based on the child's chest and not to be drawn in. Correctly applied to the chest should be from the very beginning - this art teach mothers in the maternity hospital.

It promotes the appearance of cracked nipples and breast constant washing with soap and water - the skin dries, it becomes dry and cracked. This should not be enough to wash the breasts with water just before each feeding. It should also lubricate the cracks and abrasions nipples alcohol solutions. Nipples can be injured by the wrong bra (too tight bra, tight seams on the cups and so on), too hard towel etc. Injury nipples can cause itching and scratching of the skin in this area, which may be the result of individual intolerance of some kind of fabric ( bra, night shirts, and so on) or washing powder.

Sometimes the correct breastfeeding prevents nipple shape, for example, is too flat or retracted. In this case, the special lining nipple. But it could be a hypersensitivity nipple - a characteristic of women.

Often at the end of pregnancy or breastfeeding develops mastitis - inflammation of breast cancer Inflammation of breast cancer: what is more dangerous - acute or chronic? It preceded by stagnation of milk in the mammary glands - lactostasis. And lactostasis, mastitis and sore nipples may occur due to compression of blood vessels and nerves. When lactostasis breast cancer (often alone) increases in size, becomes painful, it brings relief from the active pumping milk. With the development of mastitis fever suffers general condition of the woman and pumping milk does not bring relief. Mastitis may require help from a doctor.

Sore nipples is breastfeeding

Many women notice that the breasts and nipples start to hurt on certain days of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases   - Is associated with increased blood levels of female sex hormones. Under the influence of estrogen (in the first half of the menstrual cycle) breast ductal increase in length and have the form of tubes. In the second phase of the menstrual cycle under the influence of progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   the ends of the ducts of the mammary glands (acini) develop and become branched, volume of the entire breast with increased morbidity and may occur, both in hardware and in the nipples. The same changes, but much more pronounced may occur under the influence of female hormones during pregnancy.

Can cause soreness of nipples and hormonal changes, such as mastitis - the development of small and larger cysts in the breast. Most sore nipples occur in diffuse mastopathy, when changes occur in the entire breast, it swells, and that leads to pain.

Finally, with a decrease in the body's defenses (immune system) or by supercooling from prolonged non-breastfeeding women of any age can develop this disease as okoloprotokovy mastitis. By reducing the immunity infectious agents can easily penetrate into the tissue of the breast ducts and through enhanced small (invisible to women) injured nipples. The main symptoms are pain okoloprotokovogo mastitis in peripapillary area and nipple, redness of inflammation and fever. If time does not see a doctor, then okoloprotokovy mastitis can lead to the formation of an abscess.

Call sore nipples may injury themselves breast or nipple. When injury breast cancer is often formed a hematoma (bleeding), swelling of the breast tissue, squeezing the breast ducts, which causes pain in the nipples.

In any case, the appearance of pain in the nipples should see a doctor.

Galina Romanenko