Dislocation of thumb - is offset bones of one or more joints of the finger, which occurred as a result of injury. Most often happens dislocation of the middle joint of the little finger, the ring, middle and index fingers. Dislocation can happen, for example, during the occupation basketball or volleyball when the ball hit the tip of the elongated fingers.

Symptoms

As a rule, a dislocated finger has obvious symptoms - joint of the finger is deformed, swollen finger itself and much pain. Often the victim is not free to bend or straighten the finger. Moreover, these symptoms can be present:

• Numbness and tingling in the dislocation;
• Pale skin on the damaged finger.

Sometimes, as a result of dislocation occur serious damage to the skin. In this case, you should immediately seek medical help.

In normal dislocation Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   thumb also requires medical attention, although not as urgently. In some cases, no specific treatment dislocated finger can lead to various complications.

If you think that you have a dislocated finger, immediately remove the pin decorations and attach the ice.

Diagnostics

In most cases, a doctor can diagnose a dislocated finger on the basis of external symptoms. However, be sure that the patient does not have a fracture or other serious injury, it is necessary to do an x-ray.

Then, the doctor has the right thumb with a simple technique - closed reduction. It is often performed under local anesthesia, as the process can be very painful, but the pain goes away quickly. Then the finger are tied to adjacent healthy finger; the doctor makes one an X-ray to make sure that the bone dislocated joints took its normal position.

Sometimes a doctor recommends for a few days after the dislocation of anti-inflammatory drugs, but in most cases this is not necessary, since the dislocation did not cause severe discomfort. Typically, the finger is completely restored within three to six weeks, without losing any functions. The possibility of permanent deformation of the damaged joint, but this rarely happens.

In some cases, the dislocation between the displaced bones when a fragment is clamped adjacent soft tissues. To correct a dislocation, surgery is needed. Typically, such an operation has been very successful, but sometimes some of the functions are lost finger.

Prevention

Although it is not just possible to prevent a dislocated finger, you must follow the rules of safety in sports and use available protective devices.

During training or competition should be removed from the finger jewelry to reduce the chance of injury.

Because patella acts as a shield to the knee, it is very easy to break. For example, falling to his knees can lead to fracture of the knee pads. On fracture of the patella accounts for approximately 1% of all bone fractures. Most often it occurs in patients aged 20 to 50 years; men patella fracture occurs twice as often than women.

Types of fracture of the patella

• Fracture without displacement - of the broken bone adjacent to each other, are not displaced. At such bone fractures, usually without problems remain in place during the entire treatment.
• Displaced fracture - fracture fragments in such a fractured bone are displaced relative to each other. Often surgery is required to connect the fragments of the patella.
• Comminuted fracture - a very unstable fracture, where the bone is broken down into three or more parts.

In addition, fractures can be open or closed. In a closed fracture of the skin over the fracture site remains intact; with an open fracture of the skin is broken, and usually becomes visible damage to the bone. With an open fracture associated serious damage to the surrounding muscles, tendons and ligaments. These fractures often cause complications and their treatment takes longer than the treatment of open fractures.

The cause of the fracture of the patella is often a direct blow, such as during a fall or a car accident. However, it there are other reasons, for example, the muscles can be reduced so much that it would cause a fracture of the patella. However, it happens very rarely.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of patellar fracture are pain and swelling in the knee. In addition, the fracture is often formed a bruise; often the victim is unable to walk and / or straighten the knee.

After listening to the patient, the doctor in the first instance examine the knee without the use of any instruments. Often the edges of fragments of the patella may be felt through the skin. Then, as a rule, make an X-ray of a broken patella - it allows you to accurately determine the extent of damage to the bones, as well as identify other possible pathology.

Surgery

If the fracture is closed and without bias, surgical treatment may not be necessary. By means of special devices broken patella fixed in position; at the time of treatment is recommended to limit the load on the affected knee - the majority of patients for this using crutches. The treatment takes six to eight weeks or more.

In other cases, surgery may be required.

When the patella is broken down into two parts, the bone fragments are attached to each other using a special wire and bolts. Often they have to be removed after a year or two after surgery.

When comminuted fractures require a complicated operation. If small bone fragments found on the edges of knee pads, the surgeon removes them. If the patella broke into several pieces in the central part, they are connected with each other by means of wires and screws. Last resort treatment of comminuted fracture of the patella is the complete removal of the patella.

Regardless of the method of treatment, proper rehabilitation plays an important role in the treatment of patellar fracture. Forced immobilisation gradually weakens the muscles. Patients are encouraged to perform specific exercises to regain muscle strength and restore range of motion of the knee joint.

Complications

In the future, fractured patella can cause the following complications:

• Arthritis. As a result of the fracture of the patella is often damaged cartilage that protects and covers the bones in the knee joint. Over time, this can lead to the development of arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications .
• Muscle weakness. Another complication of fracture of the patella can become a constant weakness of the quadriceps femoris.
• Chronic pain in the front of the knee and is often the result of a fracture of the patella.