Chronic inflammation of the bladder Inflammation of the bladder - inconvenient and unpleasant   (chronic cystitis) - a long illness. If left untreated, over time the function of the bladder is gradually declining. As a result, the bladder may wrinkle and dramatically reduced in volume. Restore bladder function if came a complete change of its walls, one can only surgically and completely.

The causes of chronic inflammation of the bladder and its species

The cause of chronic inflammation in the walls of the bladder is usually an infection. Most often it is a bacterial infection - Staphylococcus, E. coli, Proteus, etc., Including mixed infection. Causes chronic cystitis Chronic cystitis: a correct diagnosis - the main   and fungal infection (actinomycetes) and protozoa (such as trichomonas).

But the wall of the bladder has a high resistance against any infection. For example, when pyelonephritis (kidney inflammation) through the bladder is often a large amount of pathogens without causing cystitis. Therefore, in order to form a chronic cystitis little infection must be other reasons.

One such reason may be reduced immunity during colds, stress, permanent severe physical and neuropsychiatric loads and so on. Another equally important reason for the formation of a chronic cystitis is a violation of the passage of urine. When stagnation of urine in the bladder urine breed infectious agents and salt crystals are formed, which can injure the mucous membrane of the bladder, that is to open the gates of infection. The reason for the passage of urine disorders can be congenital defects of the urinary tract (narrowing, expanding ureter, urethra, violation of the right bladder contractions, etc.).

Finally, one of the causes of chronic cystitis, could be wrong, inadequate treatment of acute process. Typically, such treatment is carried out independently with the help of antibiotics. But not all antibiotics are suitable for the treatment of cystitis, as a result of the symptoms of acute cystitis pass, but the infection remains and at the first opportunity (for example, after hypothermia or background flu) makes itself felt. Most chronic cystitis occurs in women, because they are shorter and wider than the urethra and into the bladder infection may be transferred from the genital organs or intestines.

Chronic cystitis can be of different types, but they all affect the deeper layers of the wall of the body and eventually lead to violations of its functions. Less likely contributes to changing the bladder wall catarrhal cystitis, but over time it can go into ulcerative, polypoid, cystic, necrotic, and other species.

A special place is occupied by interstitial cystitis Interstitial cystitis - inflammation of the bladder   (simple ulcer of the bladder - a heavy defeat of the bladder, the cause of which has not yet been set) and trigonitis (inflammation in the vesical triangle located between the confluence of the bladder and ureters place exit from the urethra).

Signs

Often this inflammation does not manifest itself. Sometimes there is mild flowing relapse, and in other cases, the person does not feel sick. This may eventually lead to shrinkage of the bladder and loss of its function.

In other cases, a chronic process manifests itself more clearly, with relapses occurring as acute cystitis Acute cystitis: Treat treated responsibly . In this case the patient has frequent painful urination, pain in the lower abdomen, sometimes there is blood in the urine. This makes for a patient to see a doctor to carry out examination and treatment.

Significant pain and impaired urination can be a symptom of interstitial cystitis, in which there is loss of all puffs of the bladder wall, the formation of ulcers and then the growth of connective tissue. Since the connective tissue can be reduced as well as smooth muscle, bladder loses its function and shrinks.

The main feature is a pronounced trigonita of urination (dysuria), and in the final stage - a significant amount of blood in the urine (hematuria).

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of chronic cystitis should identify the cause of development. To do this, check the overall condition of the patient (complete blood count, urine, kidney function, urine culture to culture media to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to drugs, immune status). Conduct additional research in the form of cystoscopy (the study of the bladder mucosa using optical equipment), cystography (X-ray examination of the bladder), ultrasound, if necessary - a complete examination of the kidneys and urinary tract.

Treatment of chronic inflammation of the bladder begin to eliminate the cause of the disease: the immune system and restore normal urine flow (sometimes with the use of surgical methods of treatment). Spend courses of treatment aimed at suppression of life pathogen (antibiotics. Antifungal agents and others). The patient must follow a diet (nothing sharp, salty, sour) and to drink more fluids.

Locally spend bladder irrigation with antiseptic solutions, instillation (instillation) of drugs into the bladder. Appointed as physiotherapy and physiotherapy.

Galina Romanenko

Cystitis in children has its own characteristics. The smaller the child, the less likely he is a pure anesthetic. Rather, one can speak of a urinary tract infection, as inflammation often captures the ureters, urethra and is able to move quickly on the kidneys.

Why do children have a urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infections are very common in children and is often one of the most common diseases. These infections may be of bacterial, viral, fungal in nature and caused by protozoa. The most common in children urinary tract infections are caused by various strains of E. coli. The second frequency is Proteus, followed by some species of staphylococci, fungi Candida and viral infections.

The main ways of getting bacteria in the urine is a bottom-up (from the rectum and genitals of the urethra) and hematogenous (through the bloodstream from other foci of infection, this path is most typical for the first months of life).

A characteristic feature of urinary tract infections in children is their tendency to recur, even with the correct treatment. Often when there is a change recurrent disease pathogen. It is believed that the reason for this is the inability of the body to resist a new infection of the child, not the quality of the previous treatment. That is, it is cut or immune defenses, including local, in the region where the inflammation occurs.

Contributing factors for the occurrence of these infections are getting bacteria from the intestine into the urethra during diaper changing, poor hygiene of the body in older children, hypothermia, viral infections, unmotivated use of antibiotics.

Cystitis in children can be primary (without anatomic changes of tissue) and secondary (occurring against the backdrop of various anatomical changes that prevent the passage of urine)

What are the symptoms of cystitis in children

In very young children isolated bladder infections are rare, infection grabs and other parts of the urinary system. So often, these diseases occur with fever, frequent painful urination and general violation of the child's condition. Sick child eats poorly, capricious, difficult to sleep.

In older children, cystitis Cystitis: urgently take action   It can take place in the same form as that of the adults. They appear frequent painful urination off a small amount of blood at the end. Proceeds acute cystitis Acute cystitis: Treat treated responsibly   for several days, then his symptoms disappear. But if you do not treat cystitis as it should, then after a few months, his symptoms may return. It says nothing of the presence of a chronic process.

A common form of cystitis in children is hemorrhagic cystitis Hemorrhagic Cystitis: always seriously . Typically, it has been associated with adenoviruses. But a large part of the children to identify the causative agent is not possible. Thus boys and girls signs of the disease may be different. The boys revealed a close relationship with a viral infection of the disease, which suggests the possibility of getting an infection in the urinary tract to the bloodstream. The girls, however, even with the hemorrhagic form of the disease is detected in the urine of a large number of E. coli - which means that infection got into the bladder by ascending from the rectum.

Hemorrhagic cystitis is characterized by the acute onset of urine, blood stained (hematuria), frequent and painful urination, incontinence, suprapubic pain and fever. The appearance of blood in the urine begins after the pain and frequent urination, and usually ends in two days before the disappearance of other symptoms of cystitis. Hematuria lasts 3-4 days but sometimes up to two weeks.

Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children

Of course, the most important task is to identify the child's anatomical changes in the urinary tract. This is vital, because the sooner such changes will be identified and treated, the more opportunities a child recover.

Please appoint the common blood and urine tests, urine Nechiporenko, urine culture to culture media for the detection of the infectious agent and its sensitivity to antibiotics. In the treatment of acute cystitis Treatment of acute cystitis: an integrated approach   and exacerbation of chronic cystitis constantly pass tests to monitor treatment.

After the acute effects will be, the child should be evaluated. Assign ultrasound and X-ray examinations in order to identify obstacles to the urine flow.

Treatment

Cystitis viral origin treated symptomatically, ie the prescribed drugs, relieves pain, muscle spasms. If hemorrhagic cystitis is not, then appoint thermal procedures.

Bacterial cystitis treated with antibiotics. Please prescribe antibiotics, broad-spectrum, focusing only on urinalysis (acute process, so do not wait for the results of urine culture), and then, after the data of sowing, if necessary, change the antibiotic.

Assign also infusions of herbs, diuretic and antibacterial properties, thermal treatments (hip baths, dry heat on the abdomen), physiotherapy.

In identifying anatomical obstacles in the path of urine they are also being treated, in most cases, surgical methods

Remember to treat urinary tract infections in a child (of any severity) can only be a doctor.

Galina Romanenko