In recent years, an increasing number of patients with chronic hepatitis
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Which receive prolonged courses of interferon in larger doses. Against the background of such treatment are increasing cases of negative effects of interferon on the thyroid gland.
What tsitokinindutsiruemye thyroid disease
Cytokines - proteins that produce a variety of cells, including cells of lymphocytes. They regulate interactions between individual cells, the intensity and duration of immune responses. Interferons - is one of the types of cytokines that have antiviral and antitumor effect
Cytokines play an important role in autoimmune diseases (diseases caused by allergies own tissues), including the thyroid gland. For example, interferon alpha today is widely used in the treatment of patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases, hepatitis B and C and cancer. In this regard it has been an increase of autoimmune thyroid lesions, which are called tsitokonindutsiruemyh diseases.
Interferon can cause destruction of the glandular tissue, or functional disorders of the thyroid gland, which are usually transient and disappear after discontinuation of the drug. The examination of these patients revealed a decrease of hormonal activity of the thyroid gland, and high levels of antibodies to hormones and thyroid gland cells.
In this regard, before the appointment of interferon for the treatment of any disease it is recommended to conduct a study of the functional state of the thyroid gland.
What happens when the thyroid gland diseases tsitokinindutsirovannyh
Tsitokinindutsirovannye thyroid disease
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It takes place in the form of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Normally, the thyroid gland accumulates a large amount of hormones contained in the follicles of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroiditis allergy occurs hormones and thyroid tissue, resulting antigen-antibody complexes destroy thyroid follicles. This leads to the fact that at the beginning of the disease in an increased amount of blood enters this gland hormones, that is showing signs of increased thyroid function and hyperthyroidism. But as soon as these hormones will be withdrawn from the body, the phase of depletion of the thyroid gland, or hypothyroidism.
How is tsitokinindutsirovanny autoimmune thyroiditis
Autoimmune thyroiditis or Hashimoto's disease is known since the beginning of the last century, but, like all other autoimmune processes, AIT is still not fully understood. AIT patients during treatment with interferon may arise both at the beginning of treatment and at the end. Not always the disease depends on the dose of interferon.
In the initial phase of the disease when the blood is thrown great amount of hormones from the damaged thyroid cells, the patient has symptoms such as malaise, sweating, fever, weight loss, tachycardia
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, Increased blood pressure, irritability
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Insomnia. These are signs of increased thyroid function or hyperthyroidism.
After a while (for each patient, it can be an individual) may appear such symptoms as fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, reduced disability, hearing loss, dry skin, hair loss, swelling of the face, hoarse voice, slowing heart rate. These are signs of low thyroid function, or hypothyroidism. Sometimes thyroid dysfunction in patients with autoimmune thyroidin happens. This form of the disease called euthyroid.
Treatment of diseases of the thyroid gland caused by interferon
Typically, the phenomenon of hyper- and hypothyroidism during tsitokinindutsirovannom AIT are alone after the abolition of interferon. But in some cases hypothyroidism phenomenon kept a long time and require treatment.
With increased thyroid function of patients usually just watch conducting basic treatment, interferon do not cancel if it was prescribed for health reasons, such as chronic hepatitis. If the thyroid function is reduced, then appointed hormonal preparations (for example, L-thyroxine), without canceling interferon.
Thyroid hormones affect all organs and systems of the body, so thyroid dysfunction can backfire. Therefore, before prescribing long courses of interferon is recommended to conduct a survey of the thyroid gland.
Galina Romanenko