Pain in the heart

For most patients, pain in the heart causes anxiety, in some cases associated with concern for his life. Pain in the heart can be divided into funds for first aid and methods of special treatment. The main volume depends on the disease that is the cause of pain.

Principle of emergency treatment

Coronary heart disease, which occurs in the form of angina, may be in an isolated form or combined with complications. This defines the range of therapeutic and preventive measures. The main therapeutic measures are to cupping pain. In the future, it is important to follow a policy of replacement or rehabilitation therapy in a nursing home or a resort, which is located in the region, a suitable climate for the patient (for example, it is not very hot months of the southern resorts).

This tool helps in the differential diagnosis, makes it possible to determine the cause of pain. If, after taking nitroglycerin pain does not decrease, then attack cardialgia not associated with angina. It is important at the moment of attack of pain to calm down, not to worry, at this moment you need to stop any physical activity or work. To evaluate the effectiveness of the activities of first aid can be within 5-10 minutes. During this time, the pain should decrease. If you do not alleviate the condition occurs, it is required to immediately call a specialized cardiac ambulance.

In the future, the amount of drug therapy should be prescribed by a doctor based on the results of the survey. Appointed antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives, diuretics, as well as metabolic means, which is determined by identifying the main disease. In the acute phase of the disease must be hospitalized patient in hospital cardiac profile.

Volume symptomatic therapy

Heart pain is not always due to cardiac disease, so it is important to establish the cause of the pain. The problem of cervical degenerative disc disease Cervical osteochondrosis - the lot of office workers   or intercostal neuralgia, which can lead to pain in the heart, must be addressed in conjunction with the neurologist. In the acute phase of an attack is possible to stop carrying out blockades, the purpose of anti-inflammatory, analgesic drugs. In the future, restorative treatment is carried out with the help of physiotherapy, massage.

Anti-inflammatory therapy includes drugs that combine pain relievers, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties. Good effect have a non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Initially, it is recommended to inject drugs for a few days. By decreasing the severity of the pain can go to the pills to complete a full course of therapy. Ibuprofen, indomethacin, meloxicam are the drugs of choice in the case of pain syndrome on the background of the inflammatory process in the rib cartilage, with intercostal neuralgia, radicular syndrome and other neurological diseases.

Pain in the heart at dishormonal disorders respond well to hormone therapy Hormone therapy - is it possible to fool nature? . If the pain occurs due to a serious disease of the thyroid gland The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones , The hormone drugs should appoint endocrinologist in line with the level of hormones in the blood. Patients with cardialgia drugs during menopause hormones help normalize hormonal background, so this benefit the work of the heart. Hormones may be administered in various forms:

• injection
• pills
• Candles
• Patches

In deciding on the appointment of hormonal agents should carry out a detailed examination to exclude pathology in terms of cancer. It is essential, even for topical preparations (suppositories), since there is a risk of adverse effects on the target organs of hormones (mucous membrane of the uterus, mammary glands).

If severe pain, you need to call an ambulance. While waiting for the ambulance, it is recommended to take at least 160 mg of aspirin (on the package of medicine is written as the active substance is contained in one tablet). Chewable tablets before swallowing them, or take a soluble aspirin.

If you know that the cause of pain in the heart is angina, put nitroglycerin tablet under the tongue. This helps to strengthen the blood flow to blocked or narrowed arteries. If the pain in the heart is not to be held for five minutes to put under the tongue of another pill. If the pain persists, and after that, call an ambulance or ask someone to drive you to the nearest hospital. Drive or walk for you could be dangerous.

Other agents for the treatment of heart pain:

• Beta-blockers. These drugs relax the heart muscle, reduce heart rate, thereby reducing the load on the heart. They relieve pain and prevent a heart attack.
• Thrombolytics resolves blood clots that obstruct blood flow to the heart. They are particularly effective for an hour after the onset of pain in the heart, if it is associated with a heart attack.
• Ranolazine (Ranexa) is used for pain in the heart, associated with angina; often advised to take this drug in combination with beta blockers or nitroglycerin.
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers II (ARB) improve blood flow from the heart. Furthermore, they lower blood pressure and help prevent reinfarction.
• Calcium channel blockers help with pain in the heart, which are due to coronary artery spasm.

If it is determined that the cause of pain in the heart is a heart attack, the treatment can be used in the following procedure:

• Angioplasty and stenting. During angioplasty, the doctor inserts into the blocked coronary artery catheter with a small balloon special. Then the balloon is inflated to open the artery it is, and thus restore blood flow to the heart. After that, put in place a small stent which does not give an artery narrowed again.
• Coronary artery bypass grafting. During this operation, which lasts several hours, recovering the flow of blood to the heart.

  Bradycardia - a disorder characterized by a reduced heart rate. Considered normal heart rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute. If bradycardia it is less than 60 beats per minute.

Bradycardia can be a serious problem if the heart does not supply the body enough oxygen-rich blood. However, some people that the violation does not cause symptoms and serious complications.

What is bradycardia

There is fetal bradycardia - reduced heart rate of the fetus. The lower threshold of a normal fetal heart rate to 6.2 weeks of pregnancy is 100 beats per minute, at a later date - 120 beats. Generally, fetal bradycardia diagnosed if the average heart rate is less than 110 beats per minute. At the same time the fetus can be seen as a sine bradycardia, bradycardia caused by heart block or other types of disorders, which are usually diagnosed in adults.

Heart rate is controlled by a special electrical system that supplies the heart signals that stimulate contractions. If bradycardia movement of these signals for some reason slowed down or completely blocked.

In a healthy human heart rate is on average 60-80 beats per minute. Considered normal heart rate to 100 beats per minute. With such a heart rate can pump during one minute to five liters of blood, saturating it, and therefore the entire body with oxygen. If the heart beats too slowly, the volume of blood that the heart can pump over time, diminish the body gets less oxygen, appear lethargy, shortness of breath, drowsiness, and other very unpleasant symptoms of bradycardia.

Slow heart rate - it is not always a sign of disease .  In the dream of a healthy human heart rate falls to 40-50 beats per minute .  Young people with a very high level of physical fitness resting heart rate may be 30-40 beats per minute, and during exercise or competition of their heart can operate at speeds up to 180 beats per minute, and it is perfectly normal .  At the famous cyclist Miguel Indurain at the peak of his career, the heart rate at rest was reduced to 28 beats per minute .  He won five times in the Tour de France and other prestigious cycling .  However, if a person, for example, climbing stairs, his heart rate is 30-50 beats per minute, it feels weak and tired after a short exercise - these are signs of bradycardia .  Chance of bradycardia especially high in people older than 65 years, but it also occurs in young people and children - especially those who have had heart surgery .

Symptoms

Typically, the symptoms of bradycardia related to insufficient supply of tissues of the body with oxygen. The most common symptoms of bradycardia:

• Lightheadedness or fainting
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Increased fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in the heart
• Confusion and memory problems

The heart rate at rest for some people is the norm - especially for healthy young people and athletes.

The symptoms of bradycardia may be caused by many disorders. If their appearance is very important as soon as possible to make the correct diagnosis and start appropriate treatment. If slow pulse is accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath and pain in the heart Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor And they persist for a few minutes, you should immediately seek professional help.

Causes

Usually, the cause of bradycardia are the factors that disrupt the heart's electrical system. Among them:

• Heart tissue injury associated with the aging process
• Damage to heart tissue in connection with heart disease or a heart attack
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Congenital disorders associated with the work of the heart (such as congenital heart disease)
• Infection of the tissue of the heart (myocarditis)
• A complication of heart surgery
• Reduced activity of the thyroid gland (hypothyroidism)
• An imbalance of electrolytes, minerals, necessary for carrying out the electrical impulses in the heart
• Obstructive sleep apnea Dreams: how to understand our dreams   (repetitive violation or total cessation of breathing during sleep)
• Inflammatory diseases such as rheumatism or systemic lupus erythematosus
• Hemochromatosis, iron accumulation in organs and tissues

Taking certain medications, including some drugs used to treat other heart rhythm disorders, high blood pressure and psychosis.

Schematic diagram of the heart

The heart consists of two chambers - two upper (atria) and two lower (ventricles). The normal rhythm of the heart controls the sinus node, located in the right atrium. It produces electrical impulses, which begins with each heart beat.

Coming out of the sinus node, the electrical impulse passes through the atrium, making them contract and pump blood into the ventricles. Then, an electric pulse falls to a cluster of cells called the

atrioventricular node (AV node). AV node transmits a signal to a specific clusters of cells - bundle branch block, through which it enters the ventricles. When you receive an electrical pulse ventricles; from the right ventricle venous blood (with little or no oxygen) to the lungs, and from the left - oxygen-rich blood into the bloodstream and disperses throughout the body.

Bradycardia occurs when electrical signals are fed too slow, or when the displacement for some reason is blocked.

Problems with the sinus node

Bradycardia often begins with problems in this part of the heart. They may develop because the sinus node:

• It produces electrical pulses slower than necessary
• It generates electrical pulses irregularly
• It generates pulses that are blocked until the atrial contraction

In some patients, the sinus node malfunction may cause alternating periods when the heart is too slow, too fast (tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome).

Antrioventrikulyarnaya heart block

This type of heart block, in which the broken conductivity of pulses from the atria to the ventricles of the heart. There are the following antrioventrikulyarnoy degree heart block:

• Heart block of the first type - the most mild form of the disorder, in which all electrical impulses from the atria reach the ventricles, but it is slower than usual. The initial degree of blockade antriovuntrikulyarnoy rarely causes any symptoms and do not require treatment, if the patient does not have any other problems with the conduction of impulses.
• Heart block second degree. In this disorder, not all pulses reach the ventricles, causing the heart rate decreases, and sometimes pulse becomes uneven.
• Third degree heart block, or complete blockade causes the electric impulses that do not fall into the ventricles, atria tissue and begin to perform the function of a kind of the pacemaker. As a consequence, the atrium is obtained load for which they were not originally designed, and the heart rate slows down significantly.

Bradycardia - Risk Factors

In addition to the main causes of bradycardia, there are several factors that increase the likelihood of developing this disorder:

• Age - the older the patient, the greater the likelihood of developing bradycardia, and the more often you need to undergo a medical examination;
• High blood pressure;
• Elevated cholesterol levels;
• Alcohol abuse;
• Drug use;
• Chronic stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   and / or anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease? .