Panangin is composed of two mineral substances (salts of magnesium and potassium) that actively influence the metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting . Panangin may cause a number of side effects, so it is contraindications for the application to be considered in the appointment of the drug.

Contraindications to the appointment by the kidneys panangina

Panangin not prescribed for severe kidney disease, accompanied by a decrease in their function as potassium excreted in the urine. If the patient has impaired renal function, it may lead to a delay in the body of potassium and hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) - life-threatening conditions of the patient.

Symptoms of hyperkalemia are drowsiness, confusion, muscle aches abdominal limbs, sore tongue, paresis (temporary immobilization), and paralysis of the muscles (including muscle paresis of the bowel), lower blood pressure, slow heart rate (bradycardia), heart rhythm disorders. There may come a cardiac arrest and death of the patient.

Contraindications to the appointment by the adrenal panangina

Contraindications for use Phangan is an expression of adrenal insufficiency, which can develop at their partial removal, as well as due to the collapse of the cells during injury with extensive burns of the skin and other tissues, massive hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells, for example, transfusion of incompatible blood) disease Addison's disease (chronic adrenal insufficiency) and a number of other states.

In all these cases Pananginum contraindicated due to the fact that sharply reduced mineralocorticoid synthesis - adrenal hormones that regulate water-salt metabolism in the body. Increased mineralocorticoid increased excretion of potassium ions in the body, and if the lack of these hormones, there is a delay of potassium - hyperkalemia.

Contraindications for the purpose of the heart panangina

Panangin not prescribed for atrioventricular block degree II-III in combination with a normal amount of potassium in the blood. Atrioventricular block called cardiac conduction disturbances pulses to the ventricles of the heart.

Atrioventricular block (AV block) is one of the most severe violations of cardiac conduction. Cardiac rhythm while dramatically slows down, which can lead to unconsciousness and phenomena of acute heart failure. Signs of AV block are general weakness, fatigue, dizziness, Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Shortness of breath, blackout.

AV heart block usually develop on the background of various heart diseases, such as ischemic heart disease (IHD). Therefore, it is important to conduct timely treatment of the disease and the identification of its complications.

Potassium leads to deterioration of atrioventricular conduction, so its additional intake of a Pananginum may cause deterioration of the patient.

Other contraindications for appointment panangina

Contraindications for the purpose panangina is dehydration. When the body loses fluid (eg, in case of poisoning, acute intestinal infections Acute intestinal infections - the most common disease in the autumn and summer   with vomit and loose stools) from the body along with it removes sodium, which is an antagonist of potassium. Therefore, in the body increases the concentration of potassium in the blood (the liquid has less). At the same time can dramatically increase the acidity of the blood (acidosis), which will also help increase potassium in the blood. Supplementing panangina can lead to hyperkalemia.

Myasthenia gravis is also a contraindication for appointment panangina, as this autoimmune disease (accompanied by an allergy to their own tissue) increases muscle fatigue and weakness. Magnesium contained in Pananginum promotes muscle relaxation, and thus, will adversely affect such patients.

You can not assign Pananginum while taking drugs with potassium-sparing properties. These drugs include, for example, certain diuretics (triamterene, veroshpiron) and lowers blood pressure (losartan) funds.

Finally, Pananginum contraindicated in elevated levels of potassium or magnesium in the blood.

Precautions Pananginum prescribed during pregnancy (especially during the first 12 weeks), while feeding the baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast and AV-blockade of I degree.

Pananginum - a drug which is widely used in the treatment of heart disease and that is not toxic. Nevertheless, it should be used in view of contraindications, otherwise not avoid complications.

Galina Romanenko

People have long understood that the heart is a vital organ. In some cultures, it blamed the romantic feelings in others - thought he was the repository of the soul, but the ability to treat it appeared relatively recently. Open heart surgery has now become so commonplace that it is sometimes difficult to remember that the first such operation was carried out in the mid-1970s.

Historical note

Curiosity and experimentation, however, existed in human history. The first mention of open-heart surgery refers to the year 400 BC - when the Greek physician described the work of aortic and pulmonary valves. In the second century AD, another Greek physician - Galen from Pergamum, which is actively studied anatomy, revealing and studying the bodies of men, described in detail the heart, but with some inaccuracies, which only in 1534 Andreas Vesalius corrected. Only in the seventeenth century, through the work of English physician William Harvey, the idea of ​​blood circulation and the role of the veins and arteries in the body, nearer to the modern. The famous thesis of Harvey believed that the blood moves like the tide, depending on the meals.

The first successful heart surgery, made a living person, was held in 1896, when the doctor sewed up the wound from Frankfurt, zadevshuyu heart of a young German soldier. Following this cardiac surgery developed rapidly. During the Second World War, doctors have been able to extract from the heart of shell fragments, and in 1945 held the first surgery to correct a congenital abnormality in the structure of the heart.

However, in the first half of the twentieth century, surgical techniques have been developed much more than a tool that allows you to save patients' lives. Features doctors were limited in that they could not do heart surgery, as long as it continued to beat. In early experiments doctors managed to stop and then start the work of the heart, but it is less than three minutes left for the operation - then the patient's brain cells begin to break down irretrievably.

One of the doctors who worked on the resolution of this problem was Dr. John Gibbon of Philadelphia. His first model lung machine he tested on animals in 1931, but only in 1953 he was able to use it to conduct a successful operation the man.

Heart-assist device

Heart-Lung Machine does more than simply continuing to pump blood while surgeons operate on the heart. It delivers oxygen to the cells of the body and supports the blood pressure, which ensures the normal operation of all organs, without damaging the erythrocytes, leukocytes White blood cells as the basis of immunity   or platelets Platelets - what they are for the body? .

Only in the mid-1970s it has been improved enough that it can safely be used not only in the experiments, and in general practice. Today lung machine can maintain the circulation in patients for many hours, without serious side effects.

However, surgeons tend to do heart surgery as soon as possible to minimize the likelihood of adverse effects.

During heart surgery on a special blood tube exits the patient's heart (typically the right atrium) and enters the pump where the blood passes through several thin membranes. The device simulates the process by which the blood is enriched with oxygen in the lungs. Then, the blood, the erythrocytes of which already have oxygen, passes through a series of filters to prevent the slightest impurities in the bloodstream. After that, the blood is sent to the aorta, where it disperses through the arteries, veins and smaller blood vessels.

In addition, for the safe conduct of long operations on the heart, using one of three methods of cooling: lowering the temperature of the entire body by cooling the blood in the cardiopulmonary bypass; placing the heart in a cold brine or injection of a cold solution of potassium through the heart. The high concentration of potassium instantly stops the electrical activity of the heart. This reduces the heart's need for oxygen. With this duration heart surgery can be increased; In addition, this method makes it possible to transplant donor heart over long distances.