Validol - a reflex action of the drug. Upon slow dissolution in the oral cavity it irritates nerve endings of the mucosa, thereby allocated a number of biologically active substances that have a therapeutic effect. Validol excellent soothing and slightly widens the blood vessels the drug, which is always possible to have a home.

The mechanism of action of validol

Validol (active substance - menthol dissolved in menthyl isovalerate) produced on the basis of vegetable products - and valerian, peppermint, and synthetic analogs of these substances. The mint Mint and its useful properties: aromatic freshness   Peppermint contains menthol lot of that, getting on the oral mucosa, irritating the nerve endings. As a result, the blood bioactive substance stand slightly dilates blood vessels, including the coronary arteries that carry blood to the heart - histamine and kinins. In addition, as a reflex produced painkillers - endorphins and enkephalins.

Under the influence of histamine and kinins dilates blood vessels - it brings relief from any heart pains and headaches caused by nitroglycerine. Kinins can cause irritation of the endocrine glands, which leads to the appearance of side effects such as nausea, vomiting and salivation.

Endorphins and enkephalins - a substance morphine (internal opiates) that are produced by brain cells (neurons) - the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, has analgesic, antishock and improves mood (calm, give a sense of joy) action. In addition, they suppress appetite and reduce the sensitivity of certain brain regions. Endorphins stabilize blood pressure, respiratory rate, promote healing of tissues, including wounds and fractures. Enkephalins have a general inhibitory effect on the central nervous system.

Endorphins act on the opioid system of the body, causing euphoria - elevated mood, perception of everything around in a pink light. This leads to the improvement of the general emotional state. Of course, it does not cause severe Validolum euphoria, however, all the ego complex effects contribute not only sedation and relieve pain, but also improve mood.

Validol taken under the tongue and held there until complete resorption. Its effect is manifested after 5-10 minutes. Available drug tablets, capsules, and liquid form (drops).

Indications and contraindications

Validol take the following diseases and conditions:

• cardioneurosis - the main feature of which are the long aching heart Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor   due to high emotional and informational load or background formed neuroses;
• strokes - along with nitroglycerin - acts as a sedative, caused by nitroglycerin relieves headaches and potentiates (increases) vasodilator action of nitroglycerin;
• neuroses (neurasthenia, hysteria and obsessional neurosis) - functional disorders of the nervous system, developing under the influence of severe neuropsychiatric loads and stress;
• with strong emotional tension, stress and bad mood - it soothes and improves mood;
• when seasick - nausea and vomiting caused by disorders of the organ of equilibrium.

Take Validolum sublingually (and held until resorption) for one - two tablet or capsule, two or three times per day. Liquid dripping validol usually on a piece of sugar (3-6 drops) and keep under the tongue until complete resorption. The therapeutic effect occurs within 5-10 minutes.

Contraindications validol when you are hypersensitive to the patient's body, very low blood pressure at the age of two years. If tablets or capsules validol contains sugar, it is necessary to consider the appointment of his patients with diabetes mellitus. Precautions validol administered during pregnancy and breast-feeding.

Side effects

Validol usually has no side effects. But sometimes it is possible. Since validol Validol - old, but reliable   stimulates the exocrine glands, its side effects are nausea and watery eyes. Dilation of blood vessels can lead to a drop in blood pressure and dizziness. All of this takes place independently.

Validol - a drug that has been successfully used for many years. It can be in the home medicine cabinet, to carry in your purse and take with stress and high emotional stress. Especially effective in this drug if permanent stress appearing near aching Aching pain in the heart, symptoms of neurosis and hormonal disorders .

Galina Romanenko

The composition includes asparkama potassium and magnesium salts. Potassium is vital to the heart muscle (myocardium) to normal decline, and magnesium is involved in many biochemical reactions. Aspartate potassium and magnesium helps to get into the cells of the myocardium. In addition, potassium and magnesium are needed by all cells of the body, since they are involved in many biological processes in the cells.

The mechanism of action asparkama

Asparkam - a combination drug that is available in tablets, injection and solution for infusion. Each tablet contains asparkama 175 mg of potassium aspartate (asparaginate) and magnesium aspartate (asparaginate). Available in the following analogues asparkama: aspangin, asparkad, potassium and magnesium aspartate, KMA Berlin-Chemie, pamaton, Pananginum.

Potassium is an intracellular substance, whereas sodium mainly located extracellularly. Together they act as a reversible pump, maintaining normal osmotic pressure in the cells and the intercellular space and the total water and salt exchange in the body. Potassium slows conduction of excitation in the muscle cells of the myocardium, reducing in this way its excitability. Magnesium is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, control the content of potassium and calcium in cells, promotes the absorption of energy cells.

Potassium deficiency greatly affects primarily on the work of the heart muscle. Asparkam eliminates the lack of potassium, resulting in improved metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   in the heart muscle and the work of the entire cardiovascular system, heart rhythm disorders disappear. Asparkama important feature is its ability to improve the tolerability of cardiac glycosides - drugs that cause the myocardium to contract more strongly and often.

Cardiac glycosides can deal with heart failure, but they are quite toxic drugs and the slightest overdose leads to intoxication. Asparkam not only reduces the symptoms of intoxication caused in the application of cardiac glycosides, but also makes it possible to reduce the dose of these drugs.

When the pill asparkama inside the active ingredient is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. Asparkam excreted from the body through the kidneys.

Indications and contraindications

Asparkam prescribed for hypokalemia (lack of potassium in the blood), which often develops in patients receiving certain diuretics, deducing from the body while sodium and potassium salts (eg, furosemide, diakarb and others).

In the complex treatment asparkam prescribed for various diseases of the cardiovascular system. Especially it is shown in heart failure and receiving cardiac glycosides. Improved in patients receiving asparkama the condition of patients with various disorders of heart rhythm, which can also occur with an overdose of cardiac glycosides.

Asparkama ability to improve the metabolism of the heart muscle does this drug is indispensable in the treatment of coronary heart disease and extreme poverty - myocardial infarction, when the myocardium receives less nutrients and oxygen.

Contraindications asparkama tablets are severe renal dysfunction, hyperkalemia, or gipermagniemiya (high content of potassium or magnesium in the blood), loss of body plenty of fluids. It does not take asparkam well as serious diseases, which cause abrupt metabolic disorders Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   with increased acidity, cardiac conduction between the atria and ventricles, severe muscle weakness and hypersensitivity to the drug.

During pregnancy and nursing Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast asparkam recommended with caution, especially in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

Side effects

In applying asparkama, the following side effects:

• from the gastrointestinal tract - dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms ;
• the central nervous system - dizziness;
• the part of the circulatory system - conduction disorders of the heart muscle;
• It may also occur - the weakness of the muscular system, lethargy, fatigue.

Asparkam not be prescribed along with some medications that reduce blood pressure (ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers), potassium-sparing diuretics (such as triamterene, veroshpironom), salt substitutes with potassium, as well as with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg diclofenac) - is It contributes to the development of hyperkalemia.

Asparkam - an essential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Galina Romanenko