Congenital syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus   - A serious illness, which is transmitted from sick mother to the fetus. With early detection and treatment of congenital syphilis is possible to get rid of the infection. But the changes that have already occurred in the organs and systems of the body can not be reverse development.

Congenital syphilis: Causes of and classification

Congenital syphilis infection develops in the fetus from the mother's syphilis. The following types of congenital syphilis: early fetal congenital syphilis, syphilis infants, syphilis early childhood (from one to four years) and late congenital syphilis.

Is there a hereditary syphilis, ie the ability to transmit the disease with the help of germ cells? The issue today is not fully understood. Some researchers believe that syphilis causes chromosomal abnormalities in the composition of germ cells and therefore can be inherited. Other researchers have also completely reject the hereditary transmission of the disease.

Early congenital syphilis, fetus

Defeats syphilis placenta leads to malnutrition and death of the fetus at 24-30 weeks of pregnancy. Earlier fetal death associated with toxic effects on the fetus toxins infectious agents - pale treponem.

When syphilis affects the fetus all its organs and systems, resulting in fetal death or death of the child shortly after birth. But sometimes the child manages to survive, and then talk about syphilis infants.

Congenital syphilis infants

The disease is a continuation of fetal syphilis. The first symptoms usually appear in the first days or weeks after birth. A child is born sluggish, with loose skin, not breastfeeding, constantly screaming for no reason. Often these children are born with a variety of neurological disorders such as hydrocephalus (water on the brain).

The most characteristic manifestation of congenital syphilis is pemphigus newborns. In some cases, children are born with pemphigus, the disease manifests itself in the other a few days or weeks. At the same time on the skin of the palms and soles, in the legs, arms, at least - on the face and torso bubbles appear on a dense basis of size from a few mm to 1 cm.

Bubbles first filled with clear content, which after a few days it becomes purulent, then it appears impurity levels. The contents of a large number of bubbles detected pale treponem. After a while, the bubbles burst, formation of ulcers, which are then covered by a crust after falling off which remains on the skin pigmentation.

On the second and third month of life the child appears papular rash all over the body. Often it affects the mucous membranes in the form of rhinitis Rhinitis: a runny nose - is quite serious   and laryngitis Laryngitis - deadly As well as internal organs - liver, spleen, kidneys, blood vessels, brain, organs of sight and hearing.

Symptoms of congenital syphilis early childhood (from one to four years)

This form of syphilis also manifests as congenital syphilis infants, but with less severe symptoms. The skin and mucous membranes of the child appear papulopustular rash. The papules often located around the anus, in the natural folds of the skin (in the neck, underarm area) in the mouth. Possible destruction of nearby lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system , Liver, kidneys, nervous and bone and joint systems.

Late congenital syphilis: symptoms

The disease manifests itself after four years, it is sometimes the first symptoms appear within a few decades after the birth. Congenital syphilis is a late resembles acquired tertiary syphilis. All of the symptoms of this form of syphilis is divided into unconditional or authentic and credible, including the stigmata.

It is a reliable sign of a triad Hutchinson: syphilitic eye disease (parenchymatous keratitis), tooth (Hutchinson's teeth - two upper central incisors are broad at the base and narrower at the edge of a crescent-notch) and hearing aids (labyrinthine deafness).

By the probable features include nose deformity (saddle nose), saber shin and some other features that are taken into account only in conjunction with the data confirming the presence of syphilis (eg, laboratory data).

Diagnosis of congenital syphilis

The diagnosis of congenital syphilis is established on the basis of clinical and serological screening age-appropriate. Serological tests for early congenital syphilis is usually positive. Late congenital syphilis, they can be negative, so important are reliable and credible signs of congenital syphilis.

Treatment of congenital syphilis

Treatment of congenital syphilis should be initiated as early as possible - in this case, perhaps a full recovery. The changes occurred during the Late congenital syphilis, are not subjected to reverse development.

Galina Romanenko

In children, the disease of the endocrine system, the thyroid gland in particular, are of great importance in terms of health effects. They may affect negatively and lead to serious consequences, especially in the case of diseases of congenital nature. Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland in children is accompanied by a change in the size of the gland, it increases, with treatment issues can be solved only by a doctor children's endocrinologist after examination of the child.

Features of Childhood

When you change the size of the prostate and identify its hyperplasia Hyperplasia - do not be afraid   the child requires examination of the hormonal profile, that is, the content of the central hormone of pituitary hormones and cancer. Indicators of hormones can not be compared with figures for the adult. If the survey hormone adult blood indicators indicate the presence of hypothyroidism, it does not mean that for pediatric fit the same indicators.

In addition to conducting an objective examination of the child and laboratory-instrumental examination of the thyroid gland, it should also take into account the following parameters:

• age of the child
• as the child grows and develops
• the child's progress in school
• the behavior of the child in the team, his relationship with peers

Answers to all these questions and the results of the survey allow a pediatric endocrinologist to select the most optimal treatment .  Appointment of adult doses of drugs is totally unacceptable fact .  The most informative method of diagnosis of prostate hyperplasia at any age is an ultrasound scan of the prostate .  The study can be concluded about the size of the body, its scope, the nature of pathological changes in the parenchyma of the gland .  There developed a standard table, which lists all the dimensions in accordance with the age of the child or an adult .  For example, in girls as young as six years of thyroid volume was 4, 9 cm 3 boys - 5 and 4 .  As the volume of the prostate is a change in ten years it is 9, 3 and 7, 8 respectively .  If you mention the amount of cancer in an adult human, its parameters can be set from 18 to 25 cm3 .  Measure the volume indicator and assess the extent of the changes possible on the results of instrumental studies by ultrasound scan .  According to the standards it has double scale valuation depending on the age of the child and the surface area of ​​the body to be used by doctors during the survey .  These figures are the upper performance range of expected values, so if the prostate volume measured during the test exceeds these data, it is possible to speak about organ hyperplasia .

The nature of diseases related to iodine deficiency

The shortage of iodine in the body is closely linked with the development of prostate hyperplasia. Deficiency states often manifested clinically by diffuse increase in prostate size. It is a compensatory response that maintains the hormonal activity of the gland at the proper level. The most vulnerable categories of people on the iodine deficiency are children and pregnant women. Especially important during fetal development, as the fetus is at risk of congenital hypothyroidism Congenital hypothyroidism: start treatment as soon as possible . The lack of complications during pregnancy, normal intrauterine development of the developing fetus depends on the thyroid system, since it is the thyroid gland is involved in basic metabolism of the body types.

During fetal development the basic needs of the fetus restored from the mother's body. With 16 weeks of the fetus begins to produce its own thyroid hormone Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects   T4, so it is important that the functional activity of the gland woman was not broken .  From this standpoint, it is recommended to be screened to the endocrine system planned pregnancy to avoid complications during pregnancy .  With the preventive point of view it is recommended to take drugs containing iodine, starting with early pregnancy .  The only condition for the initiation of this group of drugs should be consulting a doctor of general endocrinologist .  With timely start of taking medication and the right dose selection, you can prevent the development of serious complications such as congenital hypothyroidism .  The disease is the most negative consequences and lead to the development of cretinism in children .  In the case of a child with this disorder prescriptions is not iodine can affect mental development, so the effect of their appointment will be minimal .

If the child develops prostate hyperplasia, she copes with the process of synthesis, thyroid hormones, it should not be regarded as a pathological condition. Dynamic observation of such children should be carried out at least twice during the year with the mandatory examination of the hormonal profile. A completely different tactics must be selected, if the background is the development of existing hyperplasia glands or nodes in the gland. It will not be the physiological norm and requires the adoption of appropriate therapeutic measures. The nodes in the prostate are benign processes, thus it is necessary to conduct a survey of the child and prescribe treatment. It is the mainstay medication for hormone replacement therapy (receiving thyroxine). Do not be afraid that the child will receive hormonal drugs Hormonal treatments - not only contraceptives . In this situation, this type of treatment is required, which helps to prevent a large number of complications. It is not a contraindication use of herbal remedies, but their use is recommended for the treatment as adjuvant therapy.

Marina Solovyov