After giving birth, parents should pay attention to any manifestation of violation of fixation. Strabismus in infants may be considered physiological, normal state in the first months of life. The child's eyes slowly adjusting, there is the strengthening of the muscular system, the squint disappears with time. If you saved the abnormal eye fixation, then it should be an occasion to address the pediatric ophthalmology.

The structural features of the body of the newborn

A careful examination of the child immediately after birth drew attention to the presence of strabismus. Strabismus in infants develops due to the weakness of the muscular apparatus of the eye. Initially, the child can not independently control the direction in which the moving eyeballs. For this reason, the eyes look in different directions, causing concern from parents. Rate the existing violations can only specialist, so from the recommended preventive examinations can not give up, they need to be held regularly.

Strabismus in infants is not stored for a long time, quickly. Eye muscles must be trained, so it takes some time. Muscle tone is restored as the child grows. A newborn's eyes are literally "disperse" in hand or, on the contrary, converge in the nose. In the course of the child's growth is the establishment of synchronous operation of the eye that provides the ability to look and see.

There are also certain features associated with the structure of the facial skeleton. Causes of strabismus the child in this case is considered to be functional, therefore, do not require treatment. In the neonatal period the child learns to fix or concentrate the mind, while he develops a state of fatigue, which leads to retraction of the eye to the side. Gradually these violations persist, and there is the normal position of both eyes.

How strabismus can be dangerous

The process of strengthening the eye muscles the baby can last from one to six months. During this time, the squint is regarded as a physiological state, there is no need to take therapeutic measures. Rate this condition should only be a doctor, so the task of parents is to seek timely advice. Strabismus, which occurred in infants does not inspire fear.

In the process of training the eye muscles gradually begin to look the same eyes, the child is formed binocular vision. If parents notice that there is no clear fixation gaze after six months, it is mandatory to show the child to the doctor to determine the cause of the pathological state. With delayed treatment, especially if you go to the doctor as early as one year of age and older, vision may deteriorate progressively. Reduced eyesight is one of the major complications in the development of strabismus.

A newborn baby has a specific structural features of the eyes, which are primarily in the form of the eyeball. In contrast to the adult form of the eyeball infant flattened. This feature eyes newborn explains why the child should buy large toys and do not bring them close to his face.

What should be the approach to the treatment

The choice of treatment tactics depends on the extent to which a survey was conducted of the child. Comprehensive survey helps in proper diagnosis. Treatment of strabismus in newborns can be divided into several methods:

• conservative therapy
• surgery

Spectacle correction is carried out at a certain age. Wearing glasses makes it possible to correct blurred vision (nearsightedness or farsightedness), respectively, and including strabismus. Conservative methods make it possible to improve visual acuity, but this is not enough during the treatment. In combination with spectacle correction appoint specially designed exercises for eyes, eye muscles are exercised and help in correcting eye fixation. It is important that lessons were conducted with the child in the form of the game, then it will do the exercises regularly.

Designed as a method of conservative treatment of strabismus Treatment of strabismus - ways of correcting violations   in the form of occlusion when good eye for a while during the day closed with a bandage. This allows the eye on the affected side to work with a double load, at full strength. Conducting medical treatment ensures the restoration of normal visual links between the two eyes, which leads to the appearance of a normal image perception.

Compulsory methods of conservative treatment should be carried out in the postoperative period to consolidate the achieved therapeutic effect. In the process of restoration of binocular vision in strabismus it may take several years.

In the complex treatment of strabismus also include carrying out physiotherapy treatments such as electrical stimulation of the muscles. Successful use special devices that are aimed at stimulation of the visual cortex. Their application takes into account the child's age, the presence of contraindications, thus performed only in specialized offices. With the right approach, the choice of treatment tactics strabismus well to treatment, with clinical recovery occurs in 97% of cases.

Marina Solovyov

Hair loss (alopecia) is a frightening and frustrating symptom for parents, especially in children that baldness really nobody expects. Unfortunately, hair loss is a common symptom, even the smallest. However, in many cases, hair loss is temporary and hair grows back again, baby.

Causes of hair loss

One of the classic causes of hair loss in children, which many people think - is hair loss associated with childhood cancer. Although these diseases can definitely cause hair loss usually leads to loss of hair not the cancer and its treatment such as chemotherapy or radiation (anagen alopecia).

Telogen alopecia - another classic cause of hair loss in children, but parents often have little understanding of this condition. Telogenic miasma often in children who have recently had a disease, usually with high fever, surgery, sudden weight loss, or even emotional stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis And then suddenly we lost a lot of hair in the period from six weeks to three months.

Children with alopecia telogen continue to lose hair, often large scraps within a few weeks or months, to the point that their hair can significantly poredet. But then, after about six months, their hair starts to grow again, without any treatment.

Then, they drop, at which time growth of new hair, followed by normal hair growth cycle.

Common causes of hair loss in children

Other common causes of hair loss in children and adolescents include:

• Ringworm Ringworm - not only infectious disease   scalp (tinea capitis). He is one of the most common causes of hair loss. It is usually easy to recognize by the characteristic features, including a red circular homes, hair loss and scaly border, which may itch. However, ringworm of the scalp may occur with less severe signs and symptoms, without peeling or itching, hair can break and get lost (chernotochechnaya trichophytosis).
• Bacterial infections can cause some hair loss, which can look like ringworm of the scalp from the peeling. But in this case it is not the ringworm, and aureus bacterium aureaus.
• Traction alopecia occurs in children who wear tight braids or ponytails, and in newborns and infants who have hair on the back of the head drop due to friction on the bed.
• The habit of dragging or stroking his hair occurs in infants and toddlers, as well as the habit of thumb sucking, pacifier sucking, or pull a blanket. It usually stops when the children reach the age of two to three years, as well as thumb sucking, although some continue to do so up to three to five years. This habit can be ignored, but because it can sometimes cause hair loss, it is possible to make the child a short haircut to save hair.
• Trichotillomania (compulsive habit to pull out the hair) is believed to be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and is defined as a child or teenager who compulsively pulls hair, a sense of tension before pulling or trying to resist pull-out and feels pleasure, gratification or relief when pulls hair. These children have a noticeable hair loss, and they are often in need of treatment a child psychiatrist and / or a child psychologist who is an expert in trichotillomania.
• Alopecia areata (alopecia areata) is considered to be an autoimmune disease (child's immune system attacks the hair follicles), which causes a complete loss of hair on a round or oval areas of the skin on the child's head or other body parts. Unlike ringworm, alopecia areata areas completely smooth, without redness and peeling. The treatment includes injection of steroids, and some modern medicines (eg, minoxidil, anthralin - cream, or creams with a high content of steroids). Fortunately, the growth of hair over time is restored by itself.
• Alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis similar to alopecia areata. The difference is that the child loses all his hair (alopecia totalis) or on the head and all over his body (alopecia universalis). The chances of success in the treatment of these types of alopecia lower than in the treatment of alopecia areata. With any of these disorders is necessary to refer to a pediatric dermatologist. In addition to the previously mentioned treatment of alopecia areata, other treatments may include ultraviolet light therapy, steroids or cyclosporin. However, sometimes the best treatment is a high quality wig.

Other causes of hair loss

In addition to ringworm, hair pulling, traction alopecia, and other causes of hair loss, which have already been mentioned above, there are less common causes of hair loss. These include:

• thyroid disease, including both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
• diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease   or iron-deficiency anemia
• malnutrition
• overdose of vitamin A
• structural abnormalities of the hair shaft, which usually lead to xerasia

Help for hair loss in children

If a child loses her hair, it is necessary as soon as possible address to the pediatrician.

The doctor may be able to diagnose and treat common causes of hair loss, such as ringworm Ringworm - how not to be left without hair , Traction alopecia areata and telogen. In the case of other diseases, including trichotillomania, and alopecia areata, a pediatrician, it is likely to send for further treatment to the appropriate specialist.