The ability to regulate fertility, using contraceptives - the greatest achievement of civilization. List of contraception today is very broad, and not the last place in this list took control candle. Like other means of protection from unwanted pregnancy, they have their advantages and disadvantages.

Features funds

Vaginal contraceptives are a group of spermicides. Their composition can vary: some candles contain nonoksinalon other - chloride bezalkoniya. Nonoksinalon hinders access of sperm to the cervix, reducing their mobility and at the same time stimulating the production of increased amounts of mucus. Similarly, there are candles and chloride bezalkoniya: destroying the membrane of the sperm, they reduce his mobility and prevent penetration into the fallopian tubes.

The undoubted advantage of contraceptive suppositories is their antiseptic effect. These funds not only destroy the sperm, but a devastating effect on pathogens of various diseases. As a result of contraceptive candles can protect against certain diseases which are transmitted through sexual contact. At the same time the active ingredients suppositories adversely affect the natural vaginal flora, resulting in a dysbacteriosis development of fungal diseases.

This means that 15-20% of cases of unwanted pregnancy can still occur. Often this happens because of improper storage facilities or due to improper use.

Store contraceptives candles in a cool, dark place at a temperature no higher than 25 degrees. The shelf life of drugs is usually two years, after which time the candle will not be effective to use them would be impossible.

Proper use - reducing the risk of pregnancy

Active substances contraceptives candles - nothing more than a complex acid. The damaging effects of acid on sperm celebrated in ancient times: women trying to avoid pregnancy, using douches Douching - a controversial procedure   after intercourse various acidic liquids. Eventually replace this ineffective and sometimes even dangerous methods of contraception Methods of contraception: strengths and weaknesses   We came to modern contraceptives.

To active substance retains its properties, you must completely avoid contact with all sorts of candles alkalis. And this applies not only to storage facilities (candles are always packed in sealed plastic or foil), and their application. And this is where many women waiting for a nasty surprise: the majority of personal care products is alkaline (high pH). Thus, conventional hygiene procedures may reduce the effectiveness of a contraceptive agent. If after some time after cleaning the use of such means of vaginal suppositories Vaginal suppositories - for contraception and treatment of inflammation , They react with the remaining detergent and lose effectiveness.

Those who choose to avoid undesired pregnancy via vaginal suppositories, you must carefully choose the means for personal hygiene. It should not be guided to mark or flavor agents, but only on its pH, whose value must be neutral. Today, the choice of means for intimate hygiene with a pH of 5, 5 wide enough. Moreover, even with the use of neutral tools, it is highly desirable to between hygiene procedures and introducing candle passed at least half an hour.

Also consider the duration of the candles themselves. Unfortunately, some manufacturers tend to exaggerate the effectiveness of funds and promise sustainable contraceptive effect of even a few hours after use candles. But the reality is somewhat different.

Repeated sexual acts necessary to use additional candle. Thus, using this method of contraception Contraceptive Methods: Ten myths about contraception in the mirror of facts   It requires a responsible attitude. Partner also need to be disciplined and perform a sexual act exclusively in the "safe" amount of time.

Advantages of the method

Contraceptive candles have several advantages:

• Such agents are used locally and not exert systemic effects on the body, such as oral contraceptives;
• Candles have virtually no contraindications;
• Use contraception candles convenient and easy;
• The cost of these funds is low;
• In conjunction with a condom candles - ideal means of contraception in casual sexual contacts;
• Candles not only protect against pregnancy, but also from some infections, fungi, viruses;
• This method of contraception is suitable for those who have in the vagina produces too little lubrication - candles easily solve this problem, because they have so-called "synthetic lubrication effect."

Drawbacks

Not deprived of contraceptives candles and some disadvantages:

• The active ingredients can cause itching, burning and other unpleasant sensations in the vagina and the vulva;
• Chance of local allergic reaction to the use of candles;
• Against the backdrop of regular use of candles can develop candidiasis (thrush);
• This method can not be used during the period of topical treatment, as well as vaginitis in the presence of any etiology;
• This method of contraception requires responsible and careful attention to the sexual act must be specially prepared, eliminating spontaneity;
• Use contraception consistently not recommended, this method is suitable only for rare sexual intercourse;
• The low efficiency of the method.

Maria Bykov

Modern social well-off women prefer to plan pregnancy in advance, which means that the issues of effective contraception is very concerned about many of the fair sex. One of the most popular methods of protection from unwanted pregnancy are birth control pills, which, like other contraceptives, have their advantages and disadvantages.

The story of the birth control pill

The first hormonal contraceptives were slightly more than half a century ago. They had a number of serious side effects, so that the reputation of the contraceptive pill was not up to par. Yet many women appreciated novelty: now they could fully control the possibility of conception, the method proved to be effective, relatively inexpensive and absolutely painless.

Following the first-generation pills were better contraceptives second and then a third generation. The contents of hormones in the pill gradually decreased, and therefore decreased risk of side effects.

Furthermore, there were two phase and three-phase preparations containing various combinations of hormones on different days of the cycle. These drugs most physiological.

Types of oral contraceptives

The pill can be divided into three groups:

• Combined oral contraceptives containing estrogen and progestin (progestin), spread particularly widely. They are single-phase, two-phase and three-phase;
• Mini mi - pill containing a progestin only. Such tablets are used in situations where estrogens for some reason contraindicated (e.g., during lactation);
• Emergency contraceptives. These products contain a large dose of hormones. Unlike most of contraceptives like pills drink after unprotected intercourse.

Despite the fact that in most pharmacies pill without a prescription, physicians strongly recommend not to choose their own products. Oral contraceptives should be prescribed by a doctor and only after passing all examinations and tests. And even in such a situation, the designated drug may not be suitable, so one month after initiation of oral contraceptives in the event of some unpleasant symptoms it is recommended to visit the doctor to decide whether to replace the drug.

Combined oral contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) the most widely distributed. These undeniable advantages include ease of use and high efficiency: if you drink pills correctly, then the likelihood of unintended pregnancy is reduced to zero. In addition, most modern drugs in addition to the contraceptive effect have other positive effects on the female body: improves skin condition is facilitated during menstruation, premenstrual syndrome becomes less pronounced.

Combined contraceptives suppress ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   egg, make the cervix impassable for sperm by thickening mucus Mucus - what is the norm for a healthy woman , Creates an unfavorable environment for sperm and affect on the endometrium, which makes it impossible to attach the egg endometrium. This integrated approach provides the most effective protection against unwanted pregnancy.

Hormones may be the same in each tablet (monophasic preparations, for example, "Janine" "Yasmin" "Marvelon" "Novinet" "Jess", etc.) or vary depending on the day of the cycle when the tablet should be taken ( two- and three-phase contraceptives). Three-phase contraceptives, which include, for example, "Three-regolith", "Three-merci", "Trikvalar" and others, fully mimic hormones in healthy women, and, accordingly, is the most physiological.

Advantages of the method

In addition to high efficiency, combined oral contraceptives have a number of other advantages. If you start to drink tablets until the seventh day of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases , The contraceptive effect occurs immediately. In most cases it is advisable to start drinking tablets on the first day of menstruation. The list of contraindications is short enough, and side effects from modern drugs are very weak. Tablets provide protection and does not affect the quality of life in general and on the usefulness of sexual contacts in particular.

This method of contraception regulates the menstrual cycle, menstruation makes less abundant and painful. Combined oral contraceptives prevent the development of an ectopic pregnancy, which is very dangerous. Also, according to some reports, the regular intake of COCs may reduce the risk of cancer of the endometrium and ovaries. After the cancellation of COCs pregnancy occurs very quickly - some drugs as paradoxical as it sounds, even used for the treatment and prevention of infertility.

Some COCs contain protivoandrogennye matter and appointed as a remedy for some gynecological diseases. This group of oral contraceptives includes drugs such as "Diane-35", "Chloe", "Bellona-35." Like other contraceptives, such drugs can be prescribed only by the doctor.

Disadvantages of combined oral contraceptives

Combination oral contraceptives must be taken daily, preferably - in one and the same time. One tablet forgotten - is not a tragedy, it is possible to accept late. But if a woman has forgotten about the two or more pills, the risk of conception is significantly increased. Furthermore, the tablets are less effective when receiving a number of drugs, and, if within several hours after administration of the tablet woman had vomiting or diarrhea. If the package of twenty-eight tablets at once, as soon as the package is over, you need to move on to the next one. If the package twenty-one pill, you should make a week break, and then proceed to the next package. Increasing this increases the risk of interruption of pregnancy.

After graduating from COC fertility returns in different women in different ways: someone becomes pregnant immediately, in other cases, conception is possible only in a few months.

Contraindications for use of COCs

Whatever claimed advertising used combined oral contraceptives can not for everyone. The main contraindications are:

• Estimated pregnancy;
• Lactation;
• Liver disease (including tumors);
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• Age older than thirty-five years;
• Smoking;
• Diabetes;
• Migraine;
• Hypertension;
• Malignant breast tumors in the past or in the present;
• Diseases in which requires constant administration of drugs that reduce the contraceptive effect (eg, anticonvulsants).

The side effects of COC

When receiving combined oral contraceptives, the following side effects:

• Headache;
• Increased blood pressure;
• Intermenstrual bleeding;
• Depressed mood, depression;
• Decreased sexual desire;
• Sleep disorders Dreams: how to understand our dreams ;
• Changes in vaginal secretion, increase the risk of fungal diseases, such as yeast;
• Swelling, weight gain due to water retention in the body;
• Increased appetite, weight gain;
• Breast tenderness;
• Nausea;
• Increased risk of thrombosis;
• Visual impairment;
• Jaundice.

In most cases, side effects are expressed quite weak and do not affect the quality of life. However, in some cases, they can cause drug withdrawal.

The structure of some of the latest generation COCs include special additives that reduce the unpleasant side effects. For example, the drug "Yarin" has a slight diuretic effect, eliminating edema and associated weight gain.

It is believed that birth control pills lead to the emergence of a mustache and beard. However, such means do not comprise a male hormone, and therefore can not cause hirsutism.