There are a number of geographic regions, which are characterized by the development of pathological conditions associated with an increase in the size of the thyroid gland in deficiency in the environment of iodine. The disease is cancer occurring in these regions, called endemic goiter Endemic goiter - if not enough iodine . The disease can occur in several morphological variants, one of which is a colloid goitre thyroid The disease of the thyroid gland - craw: the disruption of the pituitary gland . The study of pathology in endemic goiter areas should be carried out in terms of the negative impact of iodine deficiency on the whole body.

The difference in the options colloid goiter

The structure represented by a number of thyroid lobes which are formed from a large number of follicles filled with colloid. This is considered to support the colloid of active thyroid hormones, which are further allocated to the bloodstream. If there is an increase in the number and size of follicles that develop goiter pattern with characteristic clinical symptoms. Colloidal goitre has several options that differ in their morphological picture. The defeat of cancer can occur in two ways:

• diffuse form of colloidal goiter
• nodular form

In diffuse lesions of the prostate tissue is formed large colloid inclusions, which can be up to 1, 5 cm in diameter. There is a uniform increase in size and weight of the prostate (weight exceed 150 g or more). For nodular characterized by the formation of nodes, with the colloid goiter can be:

• solitary
• multisite
• Conglomerate

Knots differ in size (diameter in some cases reaches a few centimeters), the number of .  The number of nodes may vary up to full substitution of a cancer tissue .  When forming the major components are observed degenerative processes leading to compression of tissue adjacent to the node, vascular and nerve endings .  This is the main cause of the hemorrhage and ischemic necrosis complicating the course of the disease .  If colloid goiter is an intensive growth of epithelium in the form of buds, then talk about proliferating colloid goiter .  For some time can occur the formation of foci of calcification at the site of necrosis or circulatory disorders, as well as bone .  Against the background of nodular goiter may occur variant formation of the cancer process .  The most common sites are formed adenocarcinoma microcenters highly differentiated cancers .  The incidence of cancer is 22%, so it is important to conduct the study, followed by a puncture of the material obtained .  Some authors suggest the presence of age-related changes in breast tissue, which lead to changes in the follicular unit and the formation of the pathological process .  Patients in a certain age group, living in disadvantaged regions of iodine content, should be evaluated by a specialist endocrinologist to exclude their having colloidal goiter .

Diagnostic capabilities at diagnosis

The main manifestations in various forms of colloidal goiter are clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Patients have a characteristic appearance, which allows even before the results of blood hormones preliminary diagnosis. The skin is pale, dry, puffy face. Patients may complain of hair loss Hair loss - the distress signal , Violations of menstrual function (up to absence of menstruation or amenorrhea), slowness of movement and speech, lethargy. The most marked negative impact on mental development. Almost 10% of cases in severe goiter cretinism is detected, it can also be deaf-mutism. The cause of these symptoms is severe iodine deficiency. In this regard, it is so important to carry out preventive measures aimed at replenishment of iodine deficiency. During the use of iodine preparations is possible to significantly reduce the incidence of adverse effects, including cretinism, so it was called "iodine prophylaxis." Special attention should be given to the prevention of pregnancy in order to prevent the suffering of the fetus in utero.

For the diagnosis of various forms of colloidal goiter is necessary to conduct complex clinical and laboratory examination of the state of the thyroid gland by the available diagnostic methods .  These include an ultrasound scan examination of hormonal activity (content in the blood of the central and peripheral hormones) diagnostic data I radioiodine .  Ultrasonography can reliably detect the presence of cavities with the content node to determine the size, the volume of the prostate and pathological formations .  Be sure to investigate the state of the lymph nodes .  In identifying nodular controlled device carried ultrasound needle biopsy .  This method is essential for the diagnosis of colloid goiter and detection of Cancer .  The ultrasonic method of diagnostics in the colloid goiter does not have clear criteria for malignancy in the thyroid gland The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones . A definitive diagnosis can be established only on the basis of cytology material obtained during a biopsy. This allows you to reliably identify a group of patients who are in need of surgery. Not in all cases upon receipt of a negative response cytology can be argued the absence of cancer process. In this case, you should take into account not the severity of proliferative processes in the thyroid gland, and its progressive increase, which may be an indication for surgical treatment of patients in the colloid goiter.

Marina Solovyov

One of benign thyroid cyst it is. It is known that the thyroid has two lobes, which are separated by an isthmus. Often the cyst of the thyroid gland is located in the right lobe. By itself, this cyst body is not dangerous if it has a small size (not more than three centimeters in circumference). By increasing the volume of the cyst is necessary as soon as possible to carry out the treatment.

Thyroid cyst is a cavity filled with fluid and is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. Perhaps the degeneration of cysts in the thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer: it is curable . To establish a more accurate diagnosis is necessary to make a differential diagnosis of cysts of the right lobe of the thyroid gland with other diseases (eg, cancer of the thyroid gland).

Determination of the cyst of the right lobe of the thyroid gland

Typically, cyst thyroid The thyroid gland cyst: presentation and survey   It is benign and has a small size. With increasing cyst (during its growth) characteristic symptoms appear. Patients say reshaping the front surface of the neck (with the right lobe cyst "growing" over the neck on the right) and the discomfort and discomfort in the neck area. The growth of the thyroid gland cyst causing compression of the anatomical structures of closely spaced, which manifests a number of symptoms. Patients report a violation of swallowing, they have difficulty breathing, and there are pains in the neck and head. Often there is a tickle in the throat, the voice becomes hoarse. With further increase in the size of the cyst occurs compression of blood vessels, with a hyperthyroidism develops characteristic symptoms. Patients notice palpitations, persistent hot flashes, emotional disturbances (tearfulness, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper Aggression).

On palpation of the thyroid gland in the right lobe is defined by a single or multiple nodes rounded shape. They are painless and easily felt under the skin. In order to carry out diagnostic needle biopsy of the thyroid gland cyst, the contents of which then goes to tsitogistologicheskoe research. Punctate obtained can be transparent and have a yellowish color, in the form of hemorrhagic or pus (with festering cysts).

Thyroid Cancer

The cause of thyroid cancer is often a nodular goiter, which is often found in areas with iodine deficiency. Diagnosing thyroid cancer Palpable hard enough. For small amounts of tumor in a patient does not have any complaints. A characteristic feature of thyroid cancer is hoarseness. With the progression of the tumor and its germination in the trachea or the esophagus appear bleeding, sometimes quite massive. Furthermore, thyroid cancer as well as thyroid cyst characterized by impaired swallowing and breathing, loss of voice and even asphyxia. Typically, thyroid cancer detected accidentally during examination of the lungs, liver or brain, which are located metastases. When metastasis in the gastrointestinal tract observed in various disorders (diarrhea, constipation, nausea, and vomiting).

In the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer following important features:

• young age;
• female gender (women are eight times more common cancer of the thyroid gland);
• the presence of a single node (multiple nodes indicates purity of the process);
• radioisotope scan is determined by the "cold" node (a sign of malignancy);
• a history of the patient has an irradiation of the neck, the neck, the thymus gland (especially in children and adolescents);
• the characteristics of an ultrasound (dense calcification or calcification tender);
• fast growth of education;
• palpation of the node.

In cancer of the thyroid gland is palpated single solid as stone, a node that has limited mobility. Probing its painless. Furthermore, the presence of a malignant tumor of the thyroid marked increase in cervical lymph nodes. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The main method of treatment of thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer: it is curable   It is surgery.

Anna Sozinova