Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome

In modern medicine, there are two different definitions in different ways characterize the metabolic syndrome: the definition given by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the concept formulated by specialists of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). The difference between the definitions is in the counting rates of obesity. According to the IDF, obesity is stated in the case of excess body mass index 30 kg / m2, while the National Cholesterol Education Program operates with the other criteria for a similar measure.

In addition, there are several other recommendations for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, slightly differing from each other. According to these recommendations, to diagnose metabolic syndrome is possible in case of more of the following conditions:

Insulin resistance - a key factor in the risk of metabolic syndrome. Trying to compensate for insulin resistance, the body produces extra insulin, the formation of which directly or indirectly leads to various metabolic disorders.

• Obesity: Obesity - another important factor of the metabolic syndrome. The dominance of the syndrome is calculated according to waist circumference, the standard rate which is about 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women. Excess weight in the abdominal region which has a greater effect on the development of heart disease than fat in other areas of the body - for example, on the thighs. People with normal weight, however, due to insulin resistance, may also suffer from the metabolic syndrome.
• Lack of exercise: lack of physical activity - one of the main causes of heart disease. According to studies, most at risk of metabolic syndrome experienced by people for more than 4 hours a day working on the computer or watching TV.
• Age risk of metabolic syndrome increases with age. From the metabolic syndrome affects 44% of Americans over the age of 50 years.
• Diabetes: from metabolic syndrome suffer the majority of patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose assimilation mechanism Glucose: The energy source . The combination of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance means a greater risk for various cardiovascular diseases.
• Coronary heart disease: patients with coronary heart disease Heart disease and heart attacks: that every woman should know   They are at higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, especially women aged 45 years and older. According to the doctor's recommendations to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in this case can be achieved through physical activity, fight obesity and nutritious diet.
• Lipodystrophy: congenital or acquired lipodystrophy, or a decrease in body fat in the subcutaneous tissue, leading to an increase in insulin resistance The principles of action of insulin - the science of saving lives   and, as a consequence, the development of metabolic syndrome.

Treatment

Common drugs for metabolic syndrome to date does not exist: usually doctors recommend medical facilities, aimed at combating the factors determining the development of the metabolic syndrome.

These include:

• Exercise: Any physical activity for 30-60 minutes every day, including lessons in different sports or just walking.
• Weight loss: weight control is needed to reduce the level of insulin.
• Nutritious diet: healthy diet - the best medicine for a variety of metabolic disorders. One of the types of diets and metabolic syndrome is a diet aimed at reducing high blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing? . Such nutritional regime provides for the reduction of harmful consumption of fatty foods, intake of fruits, vegetables and grains.
• Quitting smoking: insulin resistance increases because of smoking. Moreover, smoking impairs the effects of the metabolic syndrome.
• Medications: In addition to the fight against excess weight and physical activity in the medical complex metabolic syndrome includes a variety of medications to help reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein - including statins, fibrates, or a combination of a statin with niacin or a fibrate.

Food

A healthy diet - one of the main treatment for metabolic syndrome. Particular care is necessary to choose a diet in the presence of type 2 diabetes. To cope with the metabolic syndrome will decrease in fat and carbohydrate diet and total calories. When metabolic syndrome are considered an indispensable element of the diet cereals, olive oil, fish, dairy products low-fat, fresh vegetables and fruits.

Complications of thyroid nodular disease

• Problems with breathing and swallowing. Large sites or multinodular goiter may pinch the trachea, obstructing the process of breathing and swallowing.
• Hyperthyroidism. Autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma, or nodes independently produce thyroid hormones, resulting in hyperthyroidism. This disease, in turn, is accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms - sudden weight loss, muscle weakness, intolerance to heat, increased irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper . Potential complications of hyperthyroidism - heart problems, osteoporosis, thyrotoxic crisis.
• The problems associated with thyroid cancer. Upon detection of malignancy of thyroid tissue requires surgical intervention. Typically, the operation involves the removal of all or most of the thyroid gland, and then to maintain normal levels of hormones hormone replacement therapy is required permanently. In most cases, thyroid cancer Thyroid cancer: it is curable   It is diagnosed at an early stage and respond well to treatment.

Assays

One of the primary purposes of analysis at the nodal thyroid disorders - determination possibility of thyroid cancer and diagnosis of thyroid function. Basic diagnostic methods include:

• Blood test. Group analysis, determining the blood levels of the hormones thyroxine Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone   and triiodothyronine produced by the thyroid gland and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary gland and regulates the function of the thyroid gland. Such tests can diagnose hyperthyroidism (excess thyroid hormone) and hypothyroidism (deficiency of thyroid hormones).
• Ultrasonography. This method of diagnosis involves the use of high frequency sound waves to determine the shape and structure of the nodules in the thyroid gland. Ultrasonography is used to determine the cysts and thyroid nodes - in some cases in combination with further fine-needle aspiration biopsy sighting.
• Fine-needle aspiration biopsy sighting. For the diagnosis of malignant nodules in the thyroid gland is often used biopsy - a procedure, which assumes the fence samples of thyroid tissue using a thin needle. Location of nodes is determined by pre ultrasonography. Tissue samples were studied in the laboratory under the microscope.
• Radiation scanning. In some cases, for the diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease applied radiation scanning - the method involves injecting a small amount of blood in the radioactive iodine. Nodules that produce excess thyroid hormone Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects , Gets more radioactive substances than normal thyroid tissue. Thus, radiation scanning helps to determine the presence and location of nodes thyroid provoking hyperthyroidism.