Endometriosis - is a very complex disease that develops due to various reasons. Despite the fact that this is one of the most common gynecological diseases, and the causes of its occurrence is working none Research Center, dot all in this matter so far failed.

Hormonal regulation of the female reproductive system

Working women of the reproductive system, including the implementation of its fertility (reproductive) system function is the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus - pituitary - ovary.

The cortex carries a regulating effect on all subcortical structures including the hypothalamus. Neurons (nerve cells) of the cortex, receiving information about the original condition of the body, regulate the level of arousal centers of the hypothalamus.

Hypothalamus - a brain region that carries out overall supervision of the entire endocrine system, metabolism and maintains a constant internal environment of the body. Team it passes through the circulatory system using their hormones that stimulate or suppress the secretion of hormones main endocrine glands of the pituitary gland, which is also located in the brain. The hypothalamus releases two kinds of hormones acting on the pituitary gland: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH - it stimulates the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins) and gonadotropin hormone rilizingingibiruyuschy (GRIEG - it suppresses the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins). These hormones enter the bloodstream by the pituitary gland and regulate its activity.

The pituitary gland releases two gonadotropin-releasing hormone: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing (LH). FSH is a hormone that influences the first half of the menstrual cycle. Under its influence the egg matures, it also stimulates the secretion of female hormones estrogen. PH - a hormone that controls the second half of the menstrual cycle, under its influence ovulation (release of an egg from the ovary) and the secretion of the female hormone progesterone.

The ovaries are two types of hormones - estrogens (there are several) and progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . Estrogens - hormones first half of the menstrual cycle, the follicular wall secrete them (bubble) in which matured egg. Estrogens promote oocyte maturation and expansion (proliferation) of the mucous membrane of the uterus (the endometrium). After ovulation, the amount of estrogen decreases, the site of the ruptured follicle forms a new iron - yellow body, which begins to secrete progesterone. Progesterone inhibits the proliferation of the endometrium and causes the endometrium to allocate a secret that it is preparing for the introduction of a fertilized egg, ie pregnancy.

The main cause of endometriosis - hormonal disorders

This reason is recognized by all researchers. Endometriosis does not develop in a woman if she is not a malfunction of the hormonal system. Failure can occur at any level. Thus, long-term neuro-psychological stress and severe stress may cause a malfunction of the cerebral cortex, which then will be reflected on the performance of the entire system.

Various diseases, tumors, intoxication and brain injuries can cause irregularities in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland and it also causes various disorders. Inflammatory processes of genitals and injuries incurred during a difficult birth, artificial and spontaneous abortion, surgical interventions, affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the uterus and the condition of the ovaries. Endocrine diseases (diabetes) and metabolic Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   (obesity) are considered predisposing factors for the development of endometriosis.

A special role is played today, various kinds of intoxication, which can affect any member of the hormonal system. Such intoxication include industrial, household (intoxication by alcohol, drugs, psychotropic drugs) intoxication, negative environmental effects. Finally, malfunctions of the hormonal system can cause some medications such as glucocorticoids.

Under the action of any of these factors can occur disrupt the hormonal system, resulting in the body begins to produce estrogens and many small (or not generated at all) progesterone. This leads to suppression of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   and the widening of the endometrium, which is then rejected portions, causing severe bleeding. Separate endometrial cells are thrown in with the wall of the uterus, fallopian tubes and other reproductive organs, and the bloodstream and spread throughout the body forming portions of endometriosis in various organs.

The cause of endometriosis - immune disorders

The human immune system is designed so that protects the body, both from external evil "aggressors" (infection, foreign particles, etc.), but also from some internal disorders. For example, the immune system normally destroys tumor cells. Likewise, it destroys cells uncharacteristic of a particular tissue, such as endometrial cells in other tissues. In endometriosis Endometriosis - a serious problem with serious consequences   the immune system fails - it does not destroy the "invaders" that allows the cells of the endometrium to proliferate freely in other organs.

So it is necessary for the formation of endometriosis, at least two factors: hormonal background and impaired immunity.

Galina Romanenko

Endometriosis of the uterus - is a chronic disease that even after properly conducted comprehensive treatment can produce relapses. This disease can not but cause a variety of complications, such as the reproductive system of women and the whole body.

The danger first - the development of infertility

Infertility in endometriosis cancer develops mainly due to hormonal imbalance: the large number of female hormones estrogen disrupts ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   (anovulatory cycle) or developing phase secretion of the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium), which carries out the impossibility of implementation of the embryo in the uterine wall.

In addition, endometriosis, uterine endometriosis is often complicated by the fallopian tubes, making impassable fallopian tubes for the egg. This results or tubal infertility, or to the development of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy.

Risk of second - cancer

It is found that endometriosis any body increases the risk of cancer, as it increases the inclination of the organism to develop hyperplastic (with an increase in the volume of tissue) and tumor (with the appearance of atypical cells of undifferentiated tissue) processes.

In addition, the centers themselves and the proliferation of endometrium into the depths of her muscular layer can malignant - degenerate into a malignant tumor. This can happen in young age when expressed hormonal disorders, as well as in the elderly, while reducing the amount of estrogen in the blood.

Danger third - germination of endometriosis through the wall of the uterus

Endometriosis has the ability to grow into the tissue, penetrating through them. When he grows the muscle membrane serosa and can go on the bladder and the abdominal organs, affecting, for example, the intestinal wall. During germination of the entire thickness of the bowel wall of the anus mucus and blood, the patient has severe cramping abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms Gases do not depart, delayed chair, appear nausea and vomiting - symptoms of intestinal obstruction.

If perforation of the intestinal wall may develop peritonitis - a severe infection throughout the abdomen. If you would still be able to cope with peritonitis may be a significant growth of endometriosis in the intestinal wall, germination hotbeds of connective tissue with the development of severe resistant stenosis (narrowing of the lumen) of the intestine from the partial or total disruption of its terrain.

Germination of abnormal tissue in the wall of the bladder and ureters can cause a violation of excretion of urine, leading to severe disorders of the kidneys. In endometriosis bladder during menstruation celebrated frequent, painful urination, the propagation of the lumen of the bladder - the appearance of blood in the urine. If the wall of the ureter is affected, its previous segment of the renal pelvis and expanding steadily, resulting in a gradual decline in kidney function.

Danger Four - spread endometriosis to distant organs and tissues

The cells are abnormal tissue can be distributed while any organs and tissues through the blood and lymph vessels. This can have very serious consequences, since the tissue surrounding endometriosis appear edema, hemorrhage, inflammation and proliferation of connective tissue, i.e. unrecoverable irregularities.

Thus, in endometriosis lung appears hemoptysis occurring during menstruation. When the lesions in the pleura and diaphragm - pneumothorax Pneumothorax - when help is needed immediately   and hemothorax - the accumulation of air and blood between the pleura.

Often there are also neurological disorders, such as lesions of the pelvic plexus (pelvic plexitis), the defeat of the femoral and sciatic nerves and stuff. These lesions are characterized by exacerbations during menstruation.

It may also spread endometriosis post-operative scars and navel. This is manifested by pain and bloody discharge Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology   of them during menstruation, as well as the formation of painful knots, over which the skin becomes purplish-blue or brown.

How to avoid the complications of endometriosis

To do this right away, as soon as any specific violations, seek medical advice. Comprehensive treatment of internal (uterus and fallopian tubes), endometriosis prevent it from spreading to the rest of the genitals and other organs and body systems. It should also be regularly (twice a year) visits to the gynecologist.

Delay in treatment to the gynecologist in this case is fraught with the spread of endometriosis on your body with a decrease in the function of the affected organs.

Galina Romanenko