Inspection gynecologist carried out at all stages of the life of a woman ages. The first examination showed a newborn girl age of three months. Adult women and girls are sexually active, regardless of age, should be checked by a gynecologist at least once a year. Undergo a pelvic examination without exception, the women, regardless of whether they have a complaint or not. This is due to the fact that many gynecological diseases are asymptomatic and are discovered only during an inspection at the gynecologist.

Preparations for gynecological examinations

By visiting a gynecologist at home you need to prepare in advance. It is advisable to take a shower, put on fresh clothes. With an appointment (if it does not provide for the clinic, which is sent to a woman) to capture a clean diaper, which is spread on a chair, socks, at the request of one-time gynecology set (mirror, trowel, gloves). The bladder and rectum must be drained, otherwise the gynecological examination will be difficult, but it is invalid data. Undoubtedly, the visit to the gynecologist - this unpleasant event, so you must pre-configured to accept psychologically.

Stages gynecological examination

Gynecological examination includes several stages:

• medical history;
• general inspection;
• vaginal inspection mirrors;
• bimanual (two-handed) research;
• rectal examination (if indicated);
• inspection and palpation of the breast.

History taking

Gathering history (history and life) begins with an explanation of the patient's complaints. Your doctor may ask leading questions, which are identified by a related complaint. To present the most complete picture of the disease gynecologist finds particular menstrual cycle Menstrual cycle and its characteristics   (duration, volume and duration of menses, and their pain, age of menarche), the date of the last menstrual period, the number of pregnancies, including abortion, miscarriage, birth. In addition, the gynecologist should ask about the presence of chronic somatic diseases and gynecological transferred. No less important in gathering information about medical history play heredity, lifestyle, nutrition and bad habits of the patient. Also take into account the working conditions and daily life, intensive sports and contraceptive methods Contraceptive Methods: Ten myths about contraception in the mirror of facts That uses the patient.

General examination

During the general examination, the doctor draws attention to the length and weight, physique, the development of adipose tissue and its distribution characteristics. Held Blood Pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing?   and heart rate, palpation and percussion (percussion) abdomen. Particular attention is paid to the nature of body hair, especially excessive, since his appearance (before or after menarche) of the skin (increased greasiness, the presence of acne, porosity, folliculitis). Notes the existence of bands of stretching the skin, their color, number and location, time of occurrence, especially in nulliparous women.

Examination of vaginal mirrors

Before the introduction of mirrors in the vagina is estimated leather inner thighs, pubic body hair, a condition of small and large labia, clitoris, urethra and glands vestibule. The estimated folding mirrors and the color of the vaginal mucosa, the presence or absence of scarring and endometriosis lesions, the capacity of the vagina (narrow or capacious). Also examined vaginal portion of the cervix, its mobility, color, texture, surface (smooth or rough), length and identifies abnormal foci (erosion, leukoplakia and other).

Bimanual examination

For two-handed pelvic exam, the doctor inserts the index and middle Paley of one hand into the vagina and the other hand to palpate the uterus and appendages through the abdominal wall. When probing the uterus is determined by its shape, size, position, mobility and density. In the case of tumors of the uterus, such as fibroids, palpable dense, bumpy uterus with individual nodules. Alternately left and right sides of palpable epididymis (fallopian tubes and ovaries).

Inspection and palpation of the breast

Inspection and palpation of the breast gynecologist is a necessity, such as inspection of the cervix in the mirrors. Inspection is carried out in standing and lying down with consistent palpation of external and internal quadrants of the prostate. Attention is paid to the structure of the mammary glands of size, presence or absence of discharge from the nipples, their color, texture and character.

Anna Sozinova

What can be seen with the help of colposcopy

With colposcopy can detect even very small changes in the mucous membrane of the cervix and accurately set the location and nature of the disease. With colposcopy evaluated the appearance of the mucous membrane: the color of fabrics, vascular pattern, compromising the integrity of the epithelium, the presence and shape of the gland, the boundaries of identified entities. Normal cervical mucosa pale pink, shiny, in the second half of the menstrual cycle Menstrual cycle and its characteristics   with a slightly bluish tint. It lugol stain the surface uniformly dark brown.

When cervical erosion Cervical erosion - almost without symptoms, but with consequences   (section vaginal part of the cervix, devoid of epithelium) erosion surface smooth or fine-grained, red, visible blood vessels in the form of loops.

When psevdoerzii (ectopic) are replaced by stratified squamous epithelium cervical columnar epithelium with clear smooth contours. View colposcopy - accumulation of small buds of bright red color.

Glandular polyps have a shiny surface and color from light pink to bluish-purple. Glandular polyps are single and multiple dimensions are different. The surface of the polyps can be represented by columnar epithelium, with colposcopy, these polyps can be similar to ectopia.

Endometriosis of the cervix (the appearance of tissue similar to the mucous membrane of the uterus body, undergoes changes during the menstrual cycle) is the formation of irregular ovoid shape bluish-purple or pink, protruding above the surface of the mucosa and bleeding when touched. Their dimensions often vary, depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. When the extended colposcopy Extended colposcopy: detailed analysis of   color endometriosis Endometriosis - a serious problem with serious consequences   hardly changes.

Leukoplakia (hardening of the mucous membrane of the cervix, which if left untreated can develop into a tumor) has the form whitish rough spots or thin films that can be easily removed.

Papilloma - proliferation of pink color, in some papillae are enlarged blood vessels. Drawing 3% solution of acetic acid causes vasoconstriction and pallor of the mucosa.

Cervical cancer has a glassy appearance swollen areas with hilly ridges, where you can see the blood vessels. Under the action of a vasoconstrictor (e.g., acetic acid) are not narrowed.