Before progesterone produced only in the form of oily solutions for injection, which created difficulties in its application, since the introduction of this drug is very painful. Today, natural and synthetic versions of progesterone produced in the formulations for oral administration. Examples of such drugs are utrozhestan and djufaston.

Utrozhestan or djufaston - what's the difference?

Utrozhestan (Laboratory Bezen Helska, France) is composed of natural micronized progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   and released capsules that can be taken orally or be used as a vaginal suppository. Special processing allows progesterone it is well absorbed in the gastro-intestinal tract, and vagina. When receiving utrogestan inside an hour with little blood achieved therapeutic concentration of progesterone and its effect is maintained for eight hours. Vagina utrozhestan absorbed more slowly, a therapeutic concentration is reached within two to six hours, when administered twice daily it operates day.

Duphaston (international pharmaceutical company Abbott) is a synthetic analogue of the natural progesterone, dydrogesterone, which has all the properties of natural progesterone, but lacks many of its side effects. Djufaston Available in tablets for oral administration. After taking the pill active substance is absorbed into the blood, where its maximum concentration is reached after two hours.

Action utrogestan duphaston and similarly so with a lack of progesterone in the body can be assigned to any of these drugs. Utrozhestan djufaston and suppress endometrial proliferation (growth of the endometrium - mucous membrane of the uterus, which occurs in the first half of the menstrual cycle) and causes it to secrete substances necessary for the implementation of the embryo in the uterine wall. The lack of progesterone leads to violations of the menstrual cycle in the form of dysfunctional uterine bleeding and infertility. Admission progesterone tablets eliminate these violations.

After pregnancy, these drugs stimulate the production of substances necessary for the development of the embryo. They also inhibit the contraction of smooth muscle of the uterus and the immune system, thus preventing miscarriage.

When fibrocystic breast utrozhestan Utrozhestan - corrects the deficiency of progesterone   djufaston and inhibit the action of female sex hormones estrogen, which helps to reduce swelling of the mammary glands and the resorption of small cysts.

Indications and contraindications for receiving and duphaston utrogestan

Indications for use utrogestan or duphaston are:

• menstrual irregularities related to a lack of progesterone, including dysfunctional uterine bleeding, painful menstrual irregularities, infertility;
• premenstrual syndrome;
• endometriosis - a disease associated with the growth of endometrial tissue in other tissues, such as in the muscle of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and so on;
• lack of progesterone during pregnancy - the threat of miscarriage;
• shotty breast Breast - the mirror Women's Health ;
• as replacement therapy at menopause or after surgical removal of the ovaries.

Contraindications for use utrogestan and duphaston little different. Included in the duphaston synthetic progesterone analogue dydrogesterone does not have any effect on blood clotting and virtually no adverse effect on the liver function. Therefore, it is contraindicated only with individual intolerance of components and breastfeeding.

Utrozhesten as natural progesterone has the contraindications, as increased blood clotting and a tendency to thrombosis, bleeding of unknown origin from the genital tract, incomplete abortion, hormone-dependent tumors of the breast and female genital organs, liver function abnormalities.

Relative to protvopokazaniyami utrogestan are cardiovascular diseases, renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , Asthma, epilepsy, migraine, depression, disorders of lipid metabolism, breast-feeding.

Side effects

Side effects of these drugs may manifest as headaches, dizziness, uterine bleeding, discomfort in the breast, liver dysfunction, limb edema, allergic reactions.

Utrozhestan and djufaston - it is efficient to hormonal drugs, they can be taken only on prescription, and after a preliminary examination. Independently apply these drugs can not.

Galina Romanenko

Polyps in the uterus are growths of the mucous membrane, towering over its surface. When a large number of polyps uses the term "polyps". The reason for this lies in the usually hormonal disorders are women.

As there are polyps in the uterus

Uterine polyps often represent a single or multiple sites on the pear-shaped leg, localized in the uterus or its corners and as well as in the cervix. The most common polyps occur during menopause or menopause, that is, with a decrease in hormonal levels. But they can also occur in young girls and women of childbearing age at various hormonal disorders, chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus and after injuries.

Polyps in younger women often consist of tissue glands located in the lining of the uterus, in older women, they consist mainly of glandular and connective tissue or connective tissue pure. Sometimes there is a torsion legs polyp with blood circulation in it, which can cause bleeding and inflammation.

Condition of the uterus mucosa depends on endocrine and central nervous systems. These systems are, in turn, interact. The reaction is carried out mainly by the hypothalamus (part of the brain that is responsible for the endocrine system and its interaction with the central nervous system). In the hypothalamus are special neurosecretory cells that can transmit nerve impulses and secrete hormones that affect the endocrine system (Riesling-factors and inhibitor factors). Thus, hypothalamic hormones act on the pituitary gland (the main endocrine glands) by activating or decreasing the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins own impacting on the sex glands.

By gonadotropins are follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin. FSH acts mainly in the first half of the menstrual cycle, it contributes to the secretion of estrogen and oocyte maturation in the ovary. N - is a hormone of the second half of the menstrual cycle, which stimulates the synthesis of progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . Estrogens contribute to the widening of the mucous membrane of the uterus, preparing it for pregnancy, in the second half of the menstrual cycle, the effect of hormones stops, which contributes to the rejection of the mucous membrane and the beginning of menstruation. The menstrual cycle of women - a complex multi-step process and contribute to the violation of the wrong, in the form of nodes, the widening of the mucous membrane of the uterus, ie the formation of polyps.

Diagnostics

Polyps in the uterus often does not appear random and are finding in the survey women. But it also happens that the polyps appear as intermenstrual bleeding, polyps associated with separation from the uterine wall. Bleeding is usually accompanied by paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen that occur when poor circulation in the waste polyps.

If polyps does not manifest itself, it is still a dangerous disease, as malignant polyp may be (develop into a malignant tumor). Such degeneration is more common in young women.

A polyp can be seen in the cervical canal, then it will reveal a gynecologist at the examination. A polyp is a growth of pink, which is visible in the lumen of the cervical canal. Polyps are located in the bottom corners of the uterus and are not visible when viewed.

If you suspect a uterine polyp hysteroscopy is performed Hysteroscopy - examination of the uterus inside   - Examination of the mucous membrane of the uterus through optical devices. Work is also curettage Curettage - how dangerous it is? And scraping sent to the laboratory for analysis. Be sure to investigate the woman's hormones to clarify the causes of the disease.

Treatment

Like any tumors, polyps removed. In most cases, small polyps are removed by subsequent treatment with hysteroscopy cautery location where a polyp was removed. If a lot of polyps (polyposis), then on first removal of polyps, and then scraping Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   the uterus to remove polyps after the inflammatory process is not started on a piece of tissue is not removed polyp.

With any method of removing all the tissue to be removed for histological examination to exclude polyp degeneration into a malignant tumor.

After the operation is conducted conservative treatment - the restoration of hormonal, violations which led to the appearance of polyps. After the treatment a woman should be monitored regularly by a gynecologist.

Galina Romanenko