Acute inflammation of the ovaries

Acute inflammation of the ovaries as a separate form of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs is rare. Usually, inflammation of the ovaries combined with inflammation of the fallopian tubes and is called salpingo or adnexitis. Acute inflammation of the ovaries has recently become quite often diagnosed and increased thirteen percent of women of reproductive age. Every fifth woman with acute inflammation of the ovaries facing infertility, so the disease should start to cure as soon as possible.

In the pelvis, women are paired gonads that are associated with the fallopian tubes Fallopian tubes: an important part of the reproductive system . The role of the ovaries in women's reproductive health is high. They produce hormones that are responsible for normal menstrual cycle, as well as release a mature egg, ready to be fertilized. Inflammation of the ovaries or oophoritis comes from the Latin word oophoron (ovary). Inflammation of the ovaries may be either bilateral or unilateral.

The causes and mechanisms of disease development

Acute inflammation of the ovaries cause opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms. These include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Enterococcus, gonorrhea and trichomoniasis, chlamydia Chlamydia: insidious and widespread disease   and ureaplasma, as well as many others. Generally, inflammation starts with the mucosa of the fallopian tube, which goes to the muscle layer. Infection via conduit enters the ovary and engages it in the inflammatory process.

There is another way of transmission - with ovarian tubal (eg, appendicitis). Predisposing factors of acute inflammation of the ovaries are chill, weakening the body's defenses, stress, intrauterine contraception, and more.

The clinical picture of acute oophoritis

There is an increase in body temperature (sometimes critical of numbers), deterioration of general condition, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Also, the patient complains of severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the lower extremities, lower back and pelvis. In the early days of the disease stomach tense, sharply painful on palpation, there are signs of muscular protection. During a pelvic exam marked a sharp pain on palpation of the uterus, ovary enlarged and softened with reduced mobility. The posterior arch flattened and tenderness. The general analysis of blood marked leukocytosis, leukocyte formula shift to the left, increased ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). In severe intoxication are observed changes in the nervous and circulatory systems.

Acute inflammation of the ovaries, as noted above, can result in complete recovery at timely treatment, but in some cases assumes a chronic nature of the process that continues for a long time.

Diagnostics

In the first place in the diagnosis of acute oophoritis take into account the data history (abnormal births, abortions, the introduction of an intrauterine device, diagnostic curettage Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   etc.), the nature of the complaints and the results of gynecological examination. Additional tests are ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hysterosalpingography, tests for infection Tests for infections - important indicators Sexually transmitted and laparoscopy (especially in women of reproductive age).

Treatment

Treatment of patients in the acute stage oophoritis should only be done in a hospital. Appointed by bed rest, easily digestible food and plenty of liquid (tea, juice, alkaline mineral water). The main role in the treatment of acute inflammation of the ovaries withdrawn antibiotics. Antibiotics carried out after determining the sensitivity of the pathogen to them. Also shown assignment infusion therapy which reduces symptoms of intoxication. Good help in the acute stage of the disease cold on the suprapubic region (relieves pain and reduces inflammation).

Features of the disease

Inflammation of the ovaries can flow continuously and imperceptibly, causing constant discomfort and infertility. That is why women, especially of child-bearing age must undergo preventive checkups at the gynecologist at least twice a year. And with the appearance of any infection of the genitourinary system is categorically counter self-medication, as the infection can hide and move slowly from the bottom up, capturing new territory.

Inflammation of the ovaries (oophoritis) is rarely independent, it is often combined with inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) and is called salpingo or adnexitis.

The disease is usually caused by an infection in conjunction with the violation of the body's defenses. The most common causative agents of disease are staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, Escherichia coli and tuberculosis. Different pathogens are peculiar to different pathways. So, gonococcus, often falls into the ovarian tissue upward path of external genitalia. Staphylococcus aureus and tubercle bacillus spread primarily through the blood. In mechanical injury of the womb (abortion, birth) infection may also spread to surrounding tissues and organs.

Factors contributing to the spread of infection, are various causes low immunity: hypothermia, stress, menstrual disorders and so on.

Sometimes adnexitis may be caused by non-infectious causes, for example chemical (alcohol, iodine, etc.) introduced into the uterine cavity.

How is an acute inflammation of the ovaries

The symptoms depend on the causative microbe and the general condition of the body. When ascending infection (eg, gonorrhea) in the acute phase patients concerned about severe pain in the abdomen and sacrum, the temperature may rise to high numbers, there is a heartbeat.

Menstrual function is usually not broken, but sometimes menstruation may disappear or, on the contrary, be very abundant. There is a delay of stool and gas, frequent painful urination. If the infection does not go beyond the ovaries, the general state can not suffer.

Inflammation of the ovaries may be complicated adnexitis, then abdominal pain Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm?   amplified, the temperature becomes higher. If purulent inflammation, the abscess can break into the pelvic cavity and cause the phenomenon of peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum - the inner membrane lining the abdominal cavity). Ulcer can also be opened in different parts of the colon.

Chronic inflammation of the ovaries

In the absence of adequate treatment for acute inflammation of the ovaries subsides after 1-2 weeks and becomes sluggish chronic. Sometimes the process is chronically initially. In recent years, such a flow becomes more and more frequent because of the irrational and uncontrolled use of antibiotics. Under the influence of various factors (hypothermia, stress, exercise, etc.) are observed transient exacerbation, with the infectious agent to identify it is very difficult: it is often the inflammatory fluid does not contain microorganisms.

How is the correct diagnosis

To clarify the diagnosis carried out laboratory research secretions from the cervix (the microscope and culture to culture media to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics), ultrasound examination of the uterus and its appendages.

In chronic processes, this is not enough, then held hysterosalpingography Hysterosalpingography - effective examination of the uterus   - X-ray and hysterosalpingoscopy - enoskopicheskoe (through optical devices) examination of the uterus and appendages. Sometimes this is not enough, and then carried out a diagnostic laparoscopy: through a small incision in the abdomen into the peritoneal cavity and introduced optical equipment specified condition of the ovaries. Diagnostic laparoscopy is performed in chronic inflammation of the ovaries in women Inflammation of the ovaries in women - a danger to the body   infertility, pain, ineffective after prolonged treatment with antibiotics, and so on.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the stage of disease and pathogen. Acute processes are treated after laboratory research and determine the sensitivity of pathogen to antibiotics. Appointed by broad-spectrum antibiotics Broad-spectrum antibiotics - not only treat but also cripple   and restorative treatment.

Treat chronic inflammation of the ovaries is more difficult. After a thorough examination and further diagnosis is carried inflammatory (antibiotics are appointed not always), restorative treatment (including by means of immunomodulators - drugs, reducing the individual links of immunity), the restoration of the disturbed functions of sexual organs and secondary arising disorders of the nervous, endocrine and other body systems . Showing physiotherapy and spa treatment.

To restore tubal patency surgical treatment (including by means of laparoscopic surgery with a small incision and using special equipment).

Prevention of inflammation of the ovaries - a warning of entering pathogens abortion, childbirth and diagnostic studies. In addition, great importance is respect for sexual health: infections, sexually transmitted diseases, almost all can cause inflammation of the ovaries.