Niacin, or vitamin PP (vitamin B3) is a specific protivopellagricheskimi means, as evidenced by the very name (PP - warning pellagra). But, moreover, this vitamin possesses several other properties that allow its use in various diseases.

The mechanism of action of nicotinic acid

The mechanism of action of vitamin is the fact that they include as a component (coenzyme) to the enzyme repeatedly accelerating any biochemical reaction. Nicotinic acid is converted in the body and enters the nicotinamide coenzyme composition kodegidrazy I enzymes (difosfopiridinnukleotid - NAD) and kodegidrazy II (trifosfopriridinnukleotid - NADP), which carry hydrogen phosphate and implement redox reactions.

In addition, nicotinic acid, improves carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, the exchange of purines (including built nucleic acids - the basis of DNA and RNA), is involved in tissue respiration (cellular uptake tissues of oxygen and carbon dioxide emissions), glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen, which is stored in the liver and muscles, to glucose), the synthesis of various biologically active substances. It has a positive effect in diseases such as diabetes mellitus Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , Liver, heart, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer and enterocolitis (inflammation of the intestine), weak healing wounds and ulcers.

Particularly active nicotinic acid Nicotinic acid: what is its benefit to man?   It acts on the fat metabolism, possessing gilipidemicheskoy (reducing the amount of lipids in the blood) activity. It causes a decrease in total blood cholesterol levels and harmful for the body of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and especially triglycerides (these substances contribute to the formation of harmful cholesterol deposited in the form of plaques in blood vessels). At the same time it increases the blood levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) - good cholesterol precursors participating in metabolism, prevents deposition in the blood vessels of cholesterol plaques.

Under the action of nicotinic acid dilate the small blood vessels, improving blood circulation and blood flow to internal organs, including the brain. Under the action of nicotinic acid slightly decreased the viscosity of the blood, which prevents the formation of thrombi.

Nicotinic acid is a specific protivopellagricheskimi means. The main features of pellagra are diarrhea, flaky skin (dermatitis), dementia (dementia), inflammation of the tongue. Pass all these symptoms under the influence of nicotinic acid.

Reducing total and LDL cholesterol observed a few days after the start of treatment with nicotinic acid, reduction in blood triglycerides - a few hours after ingestion.

Contains niacin in animal organs (muscle, liver, kidney), dairy products, fish, yeast, vegetables, fruits, buckwheat. In the body, nicotinic acid is formed from the amino acid tryptophan.

Indications and contraindications for receiving nicotinic acid

Niacin is prescribed in the following diseases and conditions:

• when pellagra (gipovitaminoze PP);
• when poor nutrition, constant compliance with mono-diet, rapid weight loss;
• malabsorption of nutrients in the gut - malabsorption syndrome;
• after removal of part or all of the stomach;
• in some hereditary diseases involving metabolic disorders, such as the assimilation of the amino acid tryptophan (Hartnupa disease);
• in some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis with low acidity, intestinal diseases (such as Crohn's disease - a chronic nonspecific inflammatory process in the wall of the colon, colitis and enterocolitis);
• after severe infectious diseases that accompanied the rise of the heat;
• acute and chronic inflammation of the liver (hepatitis), cirrhosis of the liver;
• at elevated thyroid function (intense metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   in this condition it requires an increased amount of nicotinic acid);
• long flowing at various chronic diseases, cancer, neuropsychiatric heavy loads, which lead to violations of the metabolic processes;
• during pregnancy (especially if a pregnant woman smokes, suffers from drug addiction or her multiple pregnancy) and nursing Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast
• in disorders of lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis and occurring on the background of diseases (coronary heart disease, occlusive disease);
• spasm of the bile ducts and gall bladder;
• spasm of the urinary tract;
• at toxic damage nerves and blood vessels (polyneuropathy, microangiopathy) diabetes mellitus;
• with neuritis of the facial nerve;
• when nonhealing wounds and trophic (related to the violation of the blood supply to tissues) ulcers.

Niacin has a number of contraindications and has a number of side effects, so before taking it necessary to consult a doctor.

Galina Romanenko

There are many diets to lose weight but can not please everyone. The reason is simple - not all are able to cope with the feeling of hunger, which is almost always accompanied by weight loss. How to reduce your appetite and curb your hunger, making you repeatedly break the diet? Although definitive answers to these questions, there are many ways to cope with the increased appetite.

Hunger and appetite

The concepts of appetite and hunger are close enough, so they are often confused. However, the difference between these states is, and it well illustrates the proverb about the appetite that comes with eating. So say if the food looks and smells so attractive that it would be desirable to eat, even a man who had not even thought about food. To starve this situation has nothing to do, because hunger can not be imposed from outside.

Starvation occurs when the body needs energy. Thus, hunger can be attributed to the need of the body. As for the appetite, it is rather the need of the psyche. Appetite is in response to some stimulus - the scent rolls or fried chicken, for example, or in a stressful situation, when food seems the easiest way to calm down.

But man - being complex, and needs his psyche are closely intertwined with bodily needs. Many people simply do not know what it is like hunger, so do not eat because of hunger, and when they will have the appetite. The result is logical: the body gets more energy than it needs, and there are extra kilos.

Help in this situation pills that reduce appetite? Unfortunately, only a few cases. Typically, these drugs are only more confused situation, suppressing hunger and feel the signals interfering with his own body. After discontinuation of such tablets starving the body takes revenge: the appetite becomes a wolf.

Do not help the preparations reducing appetite, and if the food for the people - it's not just the nutrients and calories, but also a way to calm down, a symbol of love, salvation from stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis . In this situation, people will eat regardless of whether he has the appetite or not, there is a pill will not solve the problem.

How to reduce appetite pills?

Independently take pills "of appetite" very undesirable. Such funds should be prescribed by a doctor, and after a thorough examination. Drugs to reduce appetite have many contraindications and side effects, and are usually sold only by prescription. To drink they can not everyone and not always, uncontrolled intake can have very serious consequences.

At the same time the market can meet a variety of biologically active additives which, according to the manufacturer, to help cope with an appetite. Such funds are relatively harmless, but their effectiveness is poor. Most popular and relatively safe ingredients these supplements worth considering in detail:

• Microcrystalline cellulose. This material is not digested and has no nutritional value. Swollen cellulose creates a feeling of full stomach. Such tablets need to drink in large quantities, and their efficiency is low;
• Garcinia. The extract of this plant will not cause harm to the body, but its ability to reduce appetite is greatly exaggerated;
• Caffeine gives energy to the body, allowing you to forget about hunger. But this is not an easy gift - you have to pay for it prostration within a few hours after taking the drug. In addition, drugs with caffeine have many contraindications.

Despite the fact that nutritional supplements are sold without a prescription, eat they can not all. For example, during pregnancy and lactation, they can not drink - it can harm the baby. For information on how to reduce the appetite during pregnancy, it is best to ask your doctor: uncontrolled use of pharmaceutical drugs can be dangerous.

How to reduce appetite folk remedies

Often, it is not necessary to resort to pills to curb the appetite. Products that reduce appetite, perfectly cope with this task. First of all, fruits, vegetables and grain products that contain large amounts of fiber. Fiber creates a feeling of satiety and stimulates digestion, it also helps to get rid of unhealthy appetite and regain a healthy and natural feeling of hunger.

Fiber is found in all plant foods. Most of its bran (not in the bread with bran), cabbage, raspberries, beans, apples, dried fruit. White bread is better to prefer or rye bran, pasta - stewed cabbage and cream cake - apples or dried fruit. This menu will provide satiety for a long time.

It is not necessary to eat only proteins, but to abandon them is not worth it. A large number of proteins creates a feeling of fullness, so the diet can and should include white meat chicken, lean beef, eggs, fish, low-fat cottage cheese Low-fat cottage cheese - a popular product among athletes and slimming   and cheese.

Help reduce the appetite and the various products that contain large amounts of vitamins and minerals. Often binge signals that the body lacks some specific substances. In this case, the desire to eat hurts as long as the body does not get what he needs. It is obvious that if the monotonous to eat, there is a risk that the process will be delayed. Therefore, you must listen closely to his body to give him exactly what you need. Furthermore, it is desirable that the menu are rich in vitamins and mineral products, and not refined foods, often called "empty calories."

Tasteless, fresh food does not bring satisfaction and makes you want to eat more and more. To deal with this possible, using seasonings and spices, which not only threatened the figure, but also help to burn fat. Come to the aid of ginger Ginger and the most unexpected, but pleasant useful properties   and cinnamon, sage Sage - cvyaschennaya grass   and hot peppers.

Maria Bykov