Amoxicillin refers to a group of semisynthetic penicillins - drugs, which are based on natural penicillins slightly altered by the chemical formula, which leads to considerable changes in the properties of a new antibiotic. But the most important new features of antibiotics does not allow infectious agents to quickly get used to them.

The mechanism of action of amoxicillin

Amoxicillin - is an antibiotic belonging to the group of semisynthetic penicillins. It has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. The mechanism of action of amoxicillin associated with metabolic disorders in the cell membranes of pathogens.

The sensitivity to amoxicillin exhibit many infectious agents: streptococcus, staphylococcus, meningococcus, gonorrhea, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Helicobacter pylori (causing stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers) and others.

Amoxicillin is an acid-drug, it is active against all infectious agents sensitive to penicillin. But he was not active against bacteria that produce the enzyme penicillinase, which it neutralizes. Therefore, modern antibiotics amoxicillin with trying to combine antibiotics, penicillins insensitive. For example, amoksiklav Amoxiclav - an effective tool against infections   It contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which significantly expands the range of action of the drug.

Produced amoxicillin various pharmaceutical companies in tablets, capsules and in suspension for oral administration. After entering the intestine of amoxicillin it is rapidly absorbed, distributed in the tissues of the respiratory tract, ENT organs, sputum, prostate, uterus and its appendages, adipose tissue, the placenta is delivered to the fetus, and so on. Through the blood-brain barrier (blood in brain tissue) amoxicillin penetrates with difficulty. Then Amoxicillin partially metabolized, but is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine. He displayed a human milk.

Indications and contraindications

Amoxicillin is used in infectious and inflammatory processes caused by susceptible pathogens to it:

• bronchopulmonary system - acute and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia;
• upper respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract - tonsillitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, otitis, sinusitis, sinusitis;
• kidney and urinary tract infections - acute and chronic pyelonephritis, cystitis;
• genitals - endometritis, adnexitis, prostatitis;
• bile ducts and gall bladder;
• periodontal tissue - gingivitis, periodontitis;
• in the field of skin and subcutaneous tissue - infected trophic ulcers and bed sores, festering wounds, abscesses, and so on;
• in the joints and spine - acute and chronic arthritis, spondylitis.

The use of amoxicillin is contraindicated in the following diseases and conditions:

• if you are hypersensitive to the drug or other components of the penicillin group of antibiotics;
• in infectious mononucleosis;
• when lymphocytic leukemia;
• while feeding the baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• allergic diseases - pollinosis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and others;
• in severe liver diseases in violation of its functions;
• in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (especially if the patient was previously colitis in patients receiving antibiotics).

Amoxicillin is used with caution during pregnancy, with severe kidney disease in violation of their functions (with significant kidney function is reduced daily dose), as well as increased bleeding.

Side effects of amoxicillin

Amoxicillin may cause the following side effects:

• from the gastrointestinal tract - overgrowth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain during bowel and the rectum, inflammation of the oral mucosa, tongue, colon;
• of the liver - transient disturbances of its function;
• the central nervous system - headache, dizziness, motor and mental arousal, anxiety, sleep disorder Dreams: how to understand our dreams , Dizziness, convulsive readiness;
• on the part of the circulatory system - heart palpitations (tachycardia), and shortness of breath;
• from the blood - decrease in the number of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (increased bleeding), leukocytes (impaired immunity);
• on the part of the musculoskeletal system - joint pain Joint pain - how to understand what is going on? ;
• allergic reactions - are common.

Amoxicillin - quite effective and non-toxic antibiotic that is often used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases in adults and children.

Galina Romanenko

Amoksiklav - a combined antibiotic that has been widely used as a treatment in adults and in the treatment of children. Therefore, it is available in different dosage forms. Adults and children after 12 years amoksiklav appointed interior tablets.

How does amoxiclav tablets

Amoxiclav available in tablets of 625 and 375 mg. It belongs to the so-called "protected penicillin." The fact that some types of pathogens (e.g., some types of staphylococci) produce specific enzymes (beta-lactamases) which destroy the natural and semisynthetic penicillins. Therefore, try to use penicillin in combination with substances that destroy the beta-lactamase. In Amoksiklava semisynthetic penicillin, amoxicillin is "protected" clavulanic acid, which has a slight antibacterial properties, but can inhibit (suspend) beta-lactamase. Thanks to this combined structure amoksiklav has significant antibacterial effect on many types of pathogens.

Getting inside amoxiclav tablets rapidly absorbed into the blood, where the maximum concentration is achieved after 45 minutes. An hour after tablet amoksiklava reached its maximum concentration in the tissues. It is well distributed in tissues and biological fluids, especially in sputum (including sputum expectorated from the bronchi), lung tissue, pleural fluid, middle ear, the prostate, the biliary tract and bile, uterus and its appendages, adipose tissue, muscles, bones, skin, purulent discharge.

If the meninges are not inflamed, they badly miss amoksiklav brain, but if you have meningitis Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges Then amoksiklav freely penetrates the brain tissue. It also penetrates through the placenta and partially excreted in human milk.

Amoxiclav from the body is derived mainly kidneys, clavulanic acid before it can be decomposed into metabolites (metabolites) in the liver. Therefore, renal failure, or reduce the dose recommended amoxiclav, or appoint him over longer periods of time.

Which diseases appointed amoxiclav tablets

Tablets amoksiklava appointed in infectious and inflammatory processes of moderate severity in adults and children older than 12 years, caused by susceptible microorganisms Amoksiklava. In severe infections the drug is prescribed in the form of injections.

Indications for use amoxiclav tablets are:

• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and upper respiratory tract - sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis, sore throat, pharyngitis (sore throat), inflammation of the middle ear;
• dental infections associated with dental caries - inflammation in the periodontal tissues;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract infections - bronchitis, pneumonia foci are not heavy;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the kidney and urinary tract infections - inflammation of the bladder Inflammation of the bladder - inconvenient and unpleasant , Urethra, not heavy inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis);
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the female and male reproductive organs - inflammation of the uterus and its appendages, prostate;
• genital infections - gonorrhea Gonorrhea - self-ruled Syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus ;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the biliary tract and gall bladder;
• infectious and inflammatory diseases of the soft tissue (cellulitis), and not heavy inflammation of the joints.

Basically amoxiclav tablets used in the outpatient setting and designate immediately, without waiting for the results of laboratory research on sensitivity to pathogens, and then, after receiving the results of the study, in the case of dead microorganisms to Amoksiklava it changed to another antibiotic.

Contraindications pills amoksiklava

Amoxiclav tablets is contraindicated in:

• children under the age of 12 years;
• if the previous reception it caused liver dysfunction;
• in case of hypersensitivity to the components amoxiclav tablets;
• in infectious mononucleosis - morbilliform skin rash in infectious mononucleosis is very similar to an allergic rash that occurs when taking amoksiklava - it is difficult to establish the correct diagnosis and timely patient care;
• certain blood disorders (eg, lymphocytic leukemia).

With care prescribe a drug to patients with colitis, hepatitis and pyelonephritis (if you have impaired renal function). Pregnant women and nursing mothers it appoint a doctor in the presence of clear indications.

Amoxiclav tablets copes with the majority of infections that occur in the outpatient setting.

Galina Romanenko