Aspirin was created in the late 19th century, when the German pharmaceutical firm Bayer has acquired the rights to release the drug. Since the 20s of the last century became the most famous aspirin and anti-inflammatory painkillers. Use it today, opening new, both positive and negative characteristics.

Why not take aspirin during erosive yavzvennyh gastrointestinal disease

The mechanism of action of aspirin is associated with inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is involved in the formation of prostaglandins - biologically active substances that increase inflammation. Today, it found that COX divided into two types - COX-1 and COX-2. These two types of enzymes are involved in the formation of various prostaglandins: using COX-2 formed prostaglandins involved in inflammation processes, and with the help of COX-1 - prostaglandins that protect the stomach lining from the adverse effects.

Aspirin and other NSAIDs all first generation suppressing effect of the COX-1 and COX-2, whereas modern NSAIDS inhibit only the action mainly COX-2 (COX-1 while also, of course, inhibited, but to a much lesser degree).

In connection with the mechanism of action of aspirin has significant side effects from the gastrointestinal tract have been removed the protective action of prostaglandins. In addition, the active substance of aspirin - acetylsalicylic acid ingestion is an irritant to the gastric mucosa. Therefore, aspirin is recommended to take after a meal, washing it down with milk.

With prolonged use of aspirin may develop "aspirin" stomach ulcers and perforation of the stomach wall and the development of overt or hidden gastrointestinal bleeding. Therefore, aspirin should not be prescribed for any erosive and ulcerative processes in the stomach or intestines.

These latest generation of NSAIDs as nimesulide Nimesulide - promising Analgesic drug   (nimesil, nize), meloxicam (movalis) et al., have a significantly lower impact on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract than aspirin.

Why not take an aspirin with a propensity to bleed

The tendency to increased bleeding may occur in different diseases. But there are a number of diseases in which increased bleeding and bleeding tendency is the main symptom. These diseases are called hemorrhagic diathesis.

The mechanism of action of aspirin is associated with the suppression of thromboxane A2 formation - a substance that promotes activation of platelets and their capacity for adhesion and aggregation (sticking to the walls of blood vessels to form clusters - the basis for a blood clot). Without thromboxane platelet adhesion and aggregation decreased sharply, resulting in a decrease of blood clotting.

This property of Aspirin is widely used in modern medicine for the prevention of thrombosis increased. The tendency to form blood clots is increased in atherosclerosis, therefore, aspirin is used in coronary heart disease for the prevention of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction - the most formidable diagnosis , Cerebrovascular disorders for the prevention of ischemic stroke Stroke - a serious brain injury   and so on.

But the use of aspirin in hemorrhagic diathesis, or any other diseases involving reduced blood clotting ability is fraught with various complications.

What else have contraindications to the use of aspirin

Aspirin should not be taken at the "aspirin" asthma - bronchospasm caused by aspirin or other NSAIDs. If bronchospasm began with the appearance of aspirin, it is impossible to exclude their development while taking other NSAIDs.

Do not take aspirin in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, aspirin (and all other NSAIDs) may cause developmental abnormalities, and in the third a threat of bleeding during childbirth. In the second trimester of pregnancy, you can take aspirin, but only for health reasons and on doctor's orders.

During feeding baby Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast aspirin also can not be taken, as it stands out with mother's milk. Today, I try not to prescribe aspirin to children under 15 years, as he became more and more often the cause of Reye's syndrome in children - serious liver and brain. Reye's syndrome is developed mainly on the background of viral infections in children, if the aspirin is given as a febrifuge.

Do not use aspirin together with methotrexate - cytostatic, which is a folic acid antagonist and leads to suppression of growth of malignant tumor cells. Methotrexate inhibits the formation of blood platelets, concurrent aspirin increases the risk of bleeding.

Aspirin has a lot of contraindications and side effects.

Galina Romanenko

Augmentin produced in the form of tablets, suspensions and injectable solutions. Active ingredients are augmentin amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, a compound which is known as amoksiklav. Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic and clavulanic acid prevents the destruction of bacteria amoxicillin. Amoksiklav included with drugs used to treat bacterial infections.

Amoxicillin destroys the cell walls of harmful bacteria, whose integrity is critical to the survival of organisms, as they prevent the penetration of cells potentially hazardous debris. Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics of the penicillin group - since the introduction of these drugs in these bacteria evolved the ability to produce protective enzymes - beta-lactamase. They destroy the structure of antibiotics, preventing them to perform their task.

Clavulanic acid is a substance known as beta-lactamase inhibitors. By inhibiting the activity of beta-lactamases, clavulanic acid bacteria is sensitive to the action of amoxicillin and increases the number of species of bacteria, which can fight amoxicillin.

Therefore amoksiklav Amoxiclav - an effective tool against infections   shirokospektralnym antibiotic called - he can kill many kinds of bacteria, which cause common infections. It is often used to treat infections, which can not cope amoxicillin.

To make sure that the bacteria that caused the infection, susceptibility to amoxicillin, before the appointment of the drug the doctor carries out the analysis of urine, blood or tissue sample.

Indications

Augmentin is used to treat the following diseases:

• Bacterial infections of the upper airways (e.g. sinusitis)
• Bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract such as bronchitis Bronchitis - protection if the body has malfunctioned   or inflammation of the lungs Pneumonia - Symptoms and Causes
• Bacterial infections of the ears, nose, or throat
• Bacterial infection of the urinary tract or kidney
• Bites from infected animals, bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues
• Abscesses of teeth
• Osteomyelitis and other bacterial infections of the bones and joints
• Bacterial infections of the genital organs, including those that develop after birth or abortion
• Bacterial infections of the abdomen, such as peritonitis

In these cases, as a rule, we recommend taking augmentin in pill form. For more severe infections or when oral medication for any reason, can not make the injection. Admission augmentin also assigned to prevent infections in patients undergoing surgery.

How to take Augmentin

In most cases take Augmentin as tablets and suspensions need three times a day - about every eight hours. Augmentin absorption into the blood going better and faster if you take it just before a meal. This will also minimize the chances of side effects associated with the work of the intestine. Augmentin tablets to be sure to drink water.

Drug Interactions

Today, doctors no longer recommend that patients taking both Augmentin and hormonal contraceptives to use additional means of contraception during treatment and seven days after the event. Contrary to popular earlier in a medical environment, opinion, Augmentin does not reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives. Only in cases where Augmentin causes prolonged vomiting or diarrhea, you may need to use additional measures to prevent unwanted pregnancy, but it is necessary in each case to negotiate with the doctor.

In rare cases, Augmentin anticoagulant effect of warfarin breaks Warfarin - indirect anticoagulants . Patients regularly taking warfarin, while taking augmentin may be necessary to take frequent surveys for health monitoring.

During reception augmentin excreted more slowly than usual output methotrexate, because of which the concentration in blood and the risk of undesired side effects increases considerably. To monitor the condition of the patient, need regular blood tests during treatment augmentin.

Use of a vaccine against typhus (Vivotif) is contraindicated in the same time as taking augmentin, and for at least three days after the end of treatment. This is due to the fact that the vaccine does antibiotic much less effective.

Allopurinol while taking augmentin to increases the likelihood of skin rash - this is one of the side effects of allopurinol.

Augmentin Probenecid increases the concentration in the blood, so physicians generally reduce patient recommended dose of a drug.