Violation of the menstrual cycle is considered to be quite a common gynecological problem, but what is remarkable, is not it bypasses the party and girls. Violation of the menstrual cycle in girls may occur as soon after the onset of first menstruation, or menarche, and after a while (poltora- two years). Every mother should closely monitor the health of the girl and tell her not only the rules of personal hygiene, but also possible violations of the menstrual cycle that the teenager does not have to hide from adults to quickly identify the cause and begin treatment. It is known that the normal and regular menstrual cycle indicates the health of girls in general, and in the future is a guarantee that the child will be able to become a mother.

Menarche and normal menstrual cycle

The first month, the girl is normal to begin at the age of twelve to fifteen years. Menstruation should not proceed with significant morbidity, and their duration varies from three to seven days. Regular menstrual cycle is established in girls one- half years later, and its duration is 21-35 days. Any deviation from the norm, including the absence of menstruation in girls older than fifteen years, is considered a pathology and requires the intervention of a specialist.

Causes of menstrual disorders in girls

The main reasons for irregular menstruation in girls are factors that directly affect the brain:

• traumatic brain injury (concussion or brain injury);
• severe viral infections (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus Herpes simplex - in fact, not so simple , Complicated course of influenza and SARS).
• In addition, the causes of menstrual disorders in adolescents include:
• sudden weight loss (trendy diets, anorexia);
• early sexual activity (girl's reproductive system, particularly the epithelium of the cervix is ​​not yet fully developed, and the sperm has a carcinogen that can cause cervical cancer);
• infections, sexually transmitted infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis Ureaplasmosis - inflammation of the urogenital system   and others);
• Early use of alcohol, nicotine and smoking (toxic substances affect the brain and lead to the disruption of communications between the cortex and the hypothalamus, resulting in a failure in the menstrual cycle).

Not least important in violation of the menstrual cycle have different hormonal pathology:

• polycystic ovaries or ovarian cyst Ovarian cysts - normal or dangerous? ;
• endometriosis;
• Pathology of the adrenal glands;
• thyroid disease and so on.

Clinic violations

Very often, the girls complain of painful menstruation, due to the immaturity of the reproductive system, bend the uterus or abnormalities of the internal organs. Such painful menstruation (algomenoreya) can even lead to loss of consciousness.

Also frequent menstrual disorders in adolescents is amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). There are primary (menstruation was never) and secondary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea - a dangerous norm?   (after menarche and subsequent menstruation last stop). As a rule, in the mechanism of amenorrhea plays the role of fasting (diet) girls.

Possible shortening of the menstrual cycle (up to two weeks), or, conversely, its elongation (menses three months). Often, girls and abundant and prolonged menstrual period, which can lead to juvenile bleeding.

Survey girls with menstrual irregularities

In a survey of girls who suffer from menstrual irregularities, must include the following procedures:

• a study of hormonal status;
• identification of infections, sexually transmitted infections;
• Pelvic ultrasound;
• Ultrasound of the brain;
• X-ray of the skull.

Treatment

Not least important for the health of the girls have a variety of health-restoring treatments (hardening), a timely vaccinations, nutrition, moderate exercise. Usually, after such simple recommendations menstrual cycle in a teenage girl is recovering. In more complex cases, prescribe hormone therapy.

Anna Sozinova

At eleven or thirteen years old, the girl appears first menstruation. When the first period, and how quickly established menstrual cycle - these data are always interested obstetricians, no matter how many years have not turned to the woman. After all, it is menarche has much to say about the reproductive capacity of women.

Hormonal changes in the body of the girl before the first monthly

In adolescence, girls are in the body begins to produce a large number of female sex hormone estrogen. It was under the influence of estrogen the body of the little girl turns into the body of an adult woman, but it happens gradually. Increases in volume uterus, mammary glands, fatty tissue begins to be distributed by the female type, laying on the hips and abdomen.

At the same time changes occur in the ovaries, they begin to ripen pledged in utero egg. When the egg begins to ripen completely, it is time to first menstruation or menarche. Different girls time of appearance of the first menstruation may be different, while the norm is 11 to 15 years. Time menarche depends on the weight of the girls: the higher the weight, the usually begins before the first menstruation. The signals on the achievement of a sufficient body weight merge with the general signals of the maturation of the body, which enter the cerebral cortex, where the command is transmitted in the endocrine system, responsible for the formation of fertility - the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovaries.

Gradually formed the menstrual cycle. First produced by the pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), under the influence of which matures the egg and produce estrogen in the ovary. Under the influence of estrogens mucous membrane of the uterus increases in volume, and it appears the cancer. Once the egg is fully mature, it breaks the follicle, which are, in and out of the ovary - this moment is called ovulation. After that hormonal changes as the pituitary gland begins to produce another hormone - luteinizing under the influence of which on the site of the ruptured follicle begins to function endocrine gland - the corpus luteum, producing another female sex hormone - progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . Under the influence of progesterone the mucous membrane of cancer of the uterus begin to produce mucous secretion. But by the end of the menstrual cycle, progesterone is reduced, which contributes to the appearance of muscle contractions of the uterus and its mucous membrane rejection, i.e. onset of menses.

The first month

Age of onset of first menstruation depends on many factors, including the physical development of girls of her power, past diseases and stress, social conditions and so on. Before the advent of the first menstruation in girls may appear malaise, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Fatigue, bad mood, headaches, dizziness, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm?   and so on.

The first menstrual cycles girls rarely accompanied by ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? More often they are anovulatory, without leaving egg from the ovary. They tend to be irregular, between the first and subsequent menstruation can be quite a long break. Menstrual cycle is set differently. In some girls immediately after menarche is assigned a length of the menstrual cycle and menstrual bleeding, the other girls it takes from one to two years.

Do I need to contact the children's gynecologist

If the formation of the menstrual cycle is very slow, especially if irregular menstruation occur very painful, the girl is necessary to show the gynecologist. The cause of menstrual disorders may be disorders of the central nervous system, the part of the uterus or ovaries (for example, the structure of its wrong). The sooner these disorders are identified, the easier it will be to deal with them.

Too late menarche also should alert parents - may form the menstrual cycle goes wrong and the girl requires special treatment.

Monthly girls form her future fertility, so parents need to pay special attention to it at this time.

Galina Romanenko