Glomerulonephritis - an inflammation of the small filter located in the kidneys, or glomeruli. Removed from the circulation by glomerular excess fluid, electrolytes and various wastes, and then these substances appear in the urine. Glomerulonephritis can be acute or chronic. If it develops itself, the condition is called primary glomerulonephritis. Secondary glomerulonephritis is caused by other diseases, such as lupus and diabetes. If the disease is long and hard, inflammation associated with glomerulonephritis can lead to severe renal impairment. The choice of treatment depends on the type of glomerulonephritis, which ill patient.

Symptoms

Glomerulonephritis Symptoms also depend on whether the patient is sick of chronic or acute diseases, as well as its cause. At a glomerulonephritis may indicate the following symptoms:

• Urine or pinkish color of blood due to the presence in it of red blood cells (hematuria).
• Foamy urine due to an excess of protein in it (proteinuria)
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Fluid retention (edema can be seen on the face, hands, feet and abdomen)
• Lethargy, causeless tiredness due to anemia or disorders of the liver

If you have any of these symptoms, as soon as possible pass a medical examination.

Causes

Glomerulonephritis can be caused by many reasons, from infections that affect the kidneys to diseases affecting the entire body. Sometimes the cause remains unknown.

Infection

• Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Glomerulonephritis may develop over one or two weeks after the patient has recovered from a streptococcal infection of the throat, or, less often, skin infection impetigo (both of these diseases are caused by streptococci). Excessive production of antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity Which stimulates infection can eventually cause inflammation of the glomeruli. The most common symptoms of this condition are a decrease in the volume of urine and blood in the urine Blood in the urine - a reason for serious concern . Children often become ill post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis; they also recover more quickly.
• Bacterial endocarditis is an infection caused by bacteria of one or more heart valves. This disease is most common in people with congenital heart defects or with artificial valves. It is known that the bacterial endocarditis associated with increased risk of glomerulonephritis, but so far it is not clear what kind of relationship exists between these diseases.
• Viral infections. Among the viral infections that may be trigger glomerulonephritis: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Immune disorders

• Lupus. It is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting many parts of the body including the skin, joints, kidneys, blood cells, heart and lungs.
• Goodpasture's syndrome. Rare immunological pulmonary disease, Goodpasture's syndrome causes bleeding in the lungs and glomerulonephritis.
• IgA-nephropathy. Characterized by recurrent episodes of the presence of blood in urine, primary glomerulonephritis occurs due to accumulation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in glomeruli. This disorder is more common in men than in women.

Vasculitis

• Polyarteritis. This form of vasculitis affects small and medium-sized blood vessels in many parts of the body, including the heart, kidneys and intestines.
• Wegener's granulomatosis. This is another kind of vasculitis, which can cause damage to the small and medium-sized blood vessels in the lungs, upper respiratory tract and kidneys.
• Violations, which can cause scarring of the gromerulah
• High blood pressure. Kidney damage and impaired their ability to properly perform its functions may be the result of hypertension Hypertension - Control your blood pressure . Glomerulonephritis may also cause a rise in blood pressure, since it impairs the performance of the kidneys.
• Diabetic nephropathy may develop in any person with diabetes. Control of blood sugar levels Blood sugar - a very important indicator   blood pressure and can prevent or delay kidney damage.
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by scarring of the glomeruli.

  Renal failure - a violation of the kidneys, which can be chronic or acute. Acute renal failure is caused by damage to the kidneys, or if any violation slows blood flow to the kidneys. It can cause illness and violating the output of urine from the body.

Acute renal failure

Acute renal failure is the sudden breach of the kidneys' ability to perform their primary function - removal of excess fluid and salts (electrolytes) as well as waste from the blood. The content of the liquid waste and electrolytes in the body when it rises to a dangerous level.

This violation is developing very quickly - within a few hours or days. The most frequently in previously hospitalized people, especially in seriously ill patients requiring intensive care.

Acute renal failure can be life-threatening and requires immediate treatment. However, the damage caused by the disease often has a reversible character. We generally healthy kidney function can be fully restored.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of acute renal failure:

• Reducing the amount of urine
• Fluid retention in the body, as a result, swelling of the feet Swelling of the legs - do not leave without attention   and sometimes other parts of the body
• Drowsiness
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue
• Confusion
• Sickness
• Convulsions; in severe cases - coma
• Pain or pressure in the chest

When these and other disturbing symptoms you should contact your doctor.

Causes

Slow blood flow to the kidney may cause:

• Blood loss
• Medicines for high or low blood pressure
• Heart attack
• Various heart disease
• Infection
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen
• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
• Severe burns
• Severe dehydration

Kidney damage can cause:

• Blood clots in the veins and arteries of the kidneys
• The formation of cholesterol plaques that block blood flow to the kidneys
• Glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Infection
• Lupus
• Medications, such as some chemotherapy drugs, antibiotics, coloring agents, used during medical imaging tests and zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), through which the treating osteoporosis Osteoporosis - he threatens you?   and elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia)
• Multiple myeloma
• Scleroderma
• Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
• Exposure to toxins such as alcohol, heavy metals and cocaine
• Vasculitis

Violation of the output of urine from the body can be caused by the following diseases:

• Bladder Cancer
• Blood clots in the urinary tract
• Cervical cancer
• Colon cancer
• Prostate enlargement
• Kidney stones
• Damage to nerves, including nerves that help control the bladder
• Prostate cancer

Risk factors

The following factors increase the risk of acute renal failure:

• Hospitalization, especially in serious condition requiring intensive care
• Advanced age
• Peripheral Arterial Disease
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Heart failure
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease

Complications

Complications of acute renal insufficiency may be irreversible kidney damage. To survive, these patients required dialysis or Dialysis - maintains normal body   - Mechanical filtration to remove toxins and wastes from the body, or a kidney transplant.

In some cases, acute renal failure leading to death of the patient.

Chronic renal failure

Chronic renal failure - a gradual decline in kidney function.

In the early stages of the disease can occur almost asymptomatic; it may not occur until the renal function is not significantly impaired.

Treatment of chronic renal failure is intended to slow the progression of disorders, usually by controlling the underlying disease.

Symptoms of chronic renal failure

• Reducing the amount of urine
• Sickness
• Vomiting
• Lack of appetite
• Fatigue and weakness
• Sleep disorders
• Muscle spasms
• Swelling of the legs
• Constant itching

Signs and symptoms of chronic renal failure Chronic renal failure - what to do and how to be?   They are often non-specific, in other words, they can be characterized and other diseases.