Nephroptosis, also known as floating kidney, characterized by the omission of the kidneys when the position of the body, especially when a person stands up from a lying position. This is because the surrounding kidney tissue not support it adequately; doctors were able to identify kidney nephroptosis more than a hundred years ago.

Causes

The most common nephroptosis kidney develops in young women, in particular - have skinny women with small waist. In rare cases it is caused by a congenital structural defects; significantly more likely to cause kidney damage it is Nephroptosis or a strong blow to the area below the kidneys. Nephroptosis may develop for no apparent reason.

Normally, the kidney is held in place perirenal tissue - soft connective tissue. If it is not strong enough, the kidney can be moved, and when a person takes a vertical position, lowered into the pelvic region. (In fact, the kidney usually descend on no more than 5 cm).

Sometimes nephroptosis asymptomatic. In some cases, violations have the following symptoms: feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen, fever, nausea, Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system   and high blood pressure.

In some cases, the displacement of the kidney causes the compression of the urethra, which can cause a very painful and difficult urination.

To diagnose Nephroptosis need to make some x-rays - in the supine position and standing. This will determine the offset kidney and eliminate or identify other diseases that can cause similar symptoms. Many people are unaware that they have nephroptosis kidney; frequent violation is detected only when a very severe symptoms, or during routine medical examination. Often, however, people are living usual lives, unaware of their disease.

If nephroptosis kidney are asymptomatic, treatment may not be necessary.

If necessary, treatment is prescribed, most often - surgery. Previously, when nephroptosis required relatively invasive surgery; Today it is made using a laparoscope, which greatly reduces the likelihood of complications and reduce the recovery time after surgery. During the operation, mobility is reduced kidney, thereby eliminating the painful symptoms. The outcome of the operation, in most cases favorable.

Complications

Nephroptosis kidney usually not a dangerous condition, but it may have some complications. For example:

• Pyelonephritis;
• Kidney stones;
• Hematuria;
• Hypertension;
• Renal ischemia Ischemia - when the brain fails to work .
• Possible complications of surgery at nephroptosis kidney:
• Urinary tract infections;
• Various intestinal damage;
• Paresthesia;
• Damaged or pinched nerve genitofemoral.

Polycystic kidney disease - a disease in which the kidneys are clustered cysts. Cyst - a benign, which are fluid-filled cavities.

Symptoms

Typically, the symptoms of polycystic kidney disease are:

• High blood pressure;
• The pain in his back and / or side;
• Headache;
• Increasing the size of the stomach;
• The presence of blood in urine Blood in the urine - a reason for serious concern ;
• Frequent urination;
• The formation of kidney stones;
• Renal insufficiency;
• Urinary tract infection or kidney.

Often people do not realize for years that their polycystic kidneys. If you have any of these symptoms, contact your doctor to determine the cause. If the disease is at any of your relatives, you should undergo regular medical examinations, regardless of the presence of symptoms.

Causes

Normally, a kidney weighs about 140 g Weight polycystic kidney patient can reach 9.1-13.6 kg.

Usually, the cause of polycystic kidney disease are transmitted inherited defective genes. In rare cases, the violation is caused by a genetic mutation.

There are two types of polycystic kidney disease:

• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. First signs of the disease usually appear between age 30 and 40 years, but it occurs in children. The disease is transmitted to the child, rather, that he was one of the parents. The probability that a child is sick polycystic kidney disease, with 50%. Approximately 90% of all polycystic kidney relates to this type of polycystic.
• Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Symptoms of this disorder usually appear shortly after birth; in some cases they appear in adolescence or early childhood. This disease is inherited only in those cases where such genes have both parents. The probability that a child of parents with the disease, too sick, is 25%.

Researchers have identified two genes associated with the development of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, and one gene that determines the development of autosomal recessive polycystic.

Sometimes, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is found in patients with a family history of the disease is not present. It is assumed, however, that in this disease flowed from relatives of patients are asymptomatic. Only in rare cases, the disorder is the result of a spontaneous genetic mutation.

Complications

Polycystic kidney disease can cause many complications, including:

• High blood pressure is a common complication of polycystic kidney disease. Untreated high blood pressure may cause further damage to the kidney and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke Stroke - a serious brain injury .
• Reduced kidney function. The progressive decline in kidney function - is one of the most serious complications of polycystic kidney disease. Approximately half of the patients with this disorder to 60 years of developing kidney failure. Elevated blood pressure and / or the presence of protein in urine or blood further increases the risk of developing renal failure Kidney failure - when treatment is vital .
• Because polycystic kidney kidneys gradually lose their ability to remove wastes from the body and maintain the body's balance of fluids and various chemical substances. As soon as the cysts grow in the kidneys, it is putting pressure and cause kidney scarring of healthy tissue. This leads to high blood pressure and accumulation in the body of the waste that is toxic. In the end, it can cause kidney failure - a disorder in which required dialysis Dialysis - maintains normal body   or a kidney transplant.
• Complications during pregnancy. For most women with polycystic kidney disease pregnancy is proceeding normally. However, in some cases, they develop a deadly breach - pre-eclampsia. This most often happens to women who have before pregnancy there is increased blood pressure.
• The formation of cysts in the liver. The probability of formation of cysts in the liver of patients with polycystic kidney disease increases with age. The most common complication is observed in women; it is possible that the reason for this is the influence of female hormones.
• Problems with the heart valves. Approximately a quarter of adults with polycystic kidney disease develop mitral valve prolapse.