Intraocular pressure

Glaucoma - a disease of the eye characterized by continuous or intermittent increase in intraocular pressure, leading to atrophy of the optic nerve and, if left untreated, blindness. There are primary and secondary glaucoma. Primary glaucoma is associated with impaired functioning of the drainage system of the eye, which causes deterioration in the outflow of intraocular fluid. The cause of secondary glaucoma Secondary glaucoma - against the backdrop of another disease   can be transferred eye diseases such as cataracts Cataracts - how to solve the problem completely? Various inflammation, collagenosis, thrombosis Thrombosis - the cause of heart attack and stroke   intraocular vessels, tumors, diabetic changes, injury and so on. Congenital glaucoma manifests itself in a period from birth to three years, acquired begins to develop after 35-40 years.

Violation of the outflow of intraocular fluid, its normal circulation leads to accumulation of fluid and increased intraocular pressure. This creates an additional burden on the entire structure of the eye, resulting in disrupted blood flow to its normal tissues. No treatment leads to pathological changes that are irreversible and lead to a narrowing of first central and peripheral visual field, and then to blindness.

When closed-form of glaucoma, due to the nature of the anatomical structure of the eye, you lose access to the fluid drainage system of the eye. This occurs when the iris closes the angle of the anterior chamber, thus blocking the outflow of liquid. For closure forms of glaucoma are characterized by acute attacks of increased intraocular pressure, accompanied by pain and impaired explicit: it misting temporary or complete loss, the appearance of halos around lights. Open-angle glaucoma occurs form almost imperceptibly, as the process of narrowing the field of vision is gradual. Access to the drainage system of the eye is not blocked and disrupted her own function. Because of this accumulation of liquid also occurs.

There is also a type of glaucoma in which the intraocular pressure is kept within normal limits, but at the very border of her faithful.

Treatment

Treatment of glaucoma involves both drug therapy and surgery, depending on the form and stage.

This reduces the intraocular pressure, but does not eliminate the causes of the disease. These drugs allow to maintain fluid balance, but it does not restore it. In addition, it should be noted that the use of drugs antiglaukomatoznyh fraught with some side effects.

All these factors contribute to the fact that the surgical treatment of glaucoma is considered preferable. So, penetrating deep sclerectomy helps to normalize blood pressure and restore fluid balance, without opening the eyeball. Rehabilitation of patients after these operations is a few days. Another type of non-penetrating surgery - viscocanalostomy helps to restore the natural function of the drainage system of the eye, through the expansion of the drainage lumen of the tubules. When closure glaucoma form is used laser technique - iridectomy.

Glaucoma treatment during pregnancy

All patients with glaucoma who take certain medicines, you must consider all the side effects that they can cause. As a rule, they are discussed with an ophthalmologist before beginning treatment. Glaucoma treatment in pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as those who are planning to become pregnant, requires a special approach. In such cases, the physician must care for two patients - mother and child; in particular, the choice of drugs is necessary to consider how they may affect the developing child's body. Many medicines are dangerous for children in utero and during the first years of life, and the sooner they start work on their body, the more problems they can cause. Medications during lactation may also have serious consequences for the child.

How do I know what kind of conjunctivitis in your child?

You need to see a doctor, an optometrist, who will put the correct diagnosis on the basis of what he sees as a kind of conjunctivitis has its own characteristics. If necessary, the doctor will conduct laboratory tests. Such studies are necessarily carried out in the event of a disease outbreak in a kindergarten. Thus the fence is separated from the conjunctiva and sent to the crop in order to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to various drugs (i.e., it is determined better than curing the disease).

General principles of treatment of conjunctivitis

• Conjunctivitis is better to begin to heal from a specialist, while self-treatment need to remember that if symptoms persist for more than two days, contact your eye doctor;
• in case of conjunctivitis in one eye, both eyes need to dig: first, healthy, and then the patient; Do not touch your eyes healthy with unwashed hands;
• the appearance of conjunctivitis in one of the family members need to eliminate the use of common toilet facilities;
• It can not be imposed on a blindfold, as this creates favorable conditions for the development of microbes beneath it, while the infection can spread to the cornea of ​​the eye;
• before applying eye drops to remove purulent or muco-purulent conjunctival cavity thoroughly wash solution furatsilina 1: 5000 or potassium permanganate 1: 5000 (slightly pink solution);
• persons who were in contact with sick conjunctivitis, as a prophylactic measure recommended for 2-3 days to dig into the eyes of a 30% solution of sodium sulfatsil (sulfacetamide).

Treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis

In the presence of bacterial infection, antibiotics are appointed or sulfa drugs that kill pathogens. It is better to make such appointments after laboratory analysis to know exactly what is better to treat. But it so happens that the patient's condition does not allow to delay treatment and then antibiotics are assigned blindly, but after receiving the results of sowing, if necessary, treatment is adjusted.

Drugs are administered as drops (e.g., 0, 25% solution of chloramphenicol or 20-30% solution albutsida, 0, 25% zinc sulfate) or ointments (1% oletetrinovaya eye ointment). If a lot of purulent discharge, the eye is first washed with a solution furatsilina (1: 5000 - ready for sale in a pharmacy) or a pink solution of potassium permanganate, 1-3 times a day.

The treatment of viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is often more severe and give complications of the eyes, they require that treatment for eye doctor, so enjoy yourself ophthalmic antiviral agents is not recommended.

Independently, you can start applying the general antiviral drugs Antivirals - basic classification Such as interferon Interferon - protects against diseases of the new century? Which is buried in the nose 6-8 times a day.

Treatment of fungal conjunctivitis

In the treatment of fungal conjunctivitis eyedrops and lay in the conjunctival sac of an ointment containing the antifungal drugs (nystatin, levorin).

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis treated by ingestion of drugs that reduce the allergic disposition (Claritin, suprastin, tavegil and others. Antihistamines). In the eyes with eye drops corticosteroid hormones (eg, 0, 5% suspension of hydrocortisone). Just remember that for any conjunctival irritation, including allergic, can always join the infection.

A corticosteroid hormones, which perfectly removes inflammation at the same time reduce immunity Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   with respect to infectious agents, and it is very dangerous. Therefore, corticosteroids are assigned short courses and, if necessary, combined with antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   and sulfonamides. There are a combination of drugs that contain antibiotics and corticosteroids, but they also need to be used carefully and better prescription.

How not to get sick?

First of all, you must carefully observe good personal hygiene (wash hands, try not to communicate with patients conjunctivitis). In preschool institutions in case of conjunctivitis held a special wet cleaning with a 2% solution of chlorine bleach and air disinfection with ultraviolet rays using a quartz lamp.

Conjunctivitis - a common disease, and often it is transmitted from person to person through non-compliance with hygiene requirements. Protect yourself and your child from the disease is simple - you need to remember about personal hygiene.