Nasal polyps - benign tumors are soft on the inside of the shell of the nasal passages and sinuses. They appear as a result of chronic inflammation in asthma, recurrent infections, allergies, hypersensitivity to the drug and some immune disorders. Polyps in the nose can occur at any age, but most often they are observed in adults. Even with successful treatment of polyps often appear again.

Symptoms

The appearance of polyps in the nose is usually caused by inflammation of the membranes of the nasal passages and sinuses that persists for more than 12 weeks.

The symptoms of disorders in which polyps form in the nose, can be:

• Runny nose;
• Constant stuffy nose;
• Postnasal wicking;
• The weakening or loss of the ability to smell;
• Loss of sense of taste;
• Headache;
• Pain in the sinuses;
• Pain in the upper teeth;
• The feeling of pressure in the forehead and face;
• Snoring;
• Itching around the eyes.

If any of these symptoms persist for 10 days or more, ask your doctor.

When these symptoms should call an ambulance:

• Severe shortness of breath;
• The sudden worsening of symptoms;
• Ghosting visible objects, blurred vision or limiting the ability to make eye movements;
• Severe swelling around the eyes;
• Very severe headache accompanied by fever.

Causes

Experts still do not fully understand what causes the formation of nasal polyps. There is some evidence that patients who develop nasal polyps, immune response, and chemical markers are different from those that are typical for people who do not appear polyps, despite various inflammatory diseases.

Risk factors

Any disorder that causes chronic inflammation in the nasal passages and sinuses, can cause nasal polyps. Such violations include:

• Asthma, a disease that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways;
• An allergic reaction to aspirin or other pain relievers such as ibuprofen and naproxen;
• Allergic fungal sinusitis Sinusitis - difficult to cope alone ;
• Cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder that results in the production and secretion in the body is unusually thick and sticky mucus;
• Churg-Strauss syndrome, a rare disease that causes inflammation of the blood vessels.

Furthermore, there is an assumption that some genetic features make a person more susceptible to the formation of nasal polyps.

Complications

Potential complications of polyps in the nose:

• Obstructive sleep apnea Stop breathing (apnea) during sleep - upper airway obstruction   sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams   - A potentially serious disorder in which breathing temporarily stops during sleep.
• Exacerbations of asthma.
• Sinus infection. Polyps in the nose can make a person more prone to sinus infection - it may become recurrent or chronic.
• Spread on the orbit, which can lead to swelling of the eye, reduce the mobility of the eye muscles, poor vision or even blindness.
• Meningitis. The infection can spread to the membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Aneurysms or blood clots. Nasal polyps can disrupt blood flow in veins surrounding the sinuses and lead to the formation of blood clots and increase the risk of stroke Stroke - a serious brain injury .

Prevention

To prevent watering nose must be taken to control the symptoms of asthma and allergies, avoid various irritants such as tobacco smoke, chemical fumes, dust. In addition, you must observe basic rules of hygiene, humidify the air in the house and regularly wash your nose with special solutions.

Sinusitis, which develops due to the penetration of pathogens of the upper jaw, called odontogenic. Inflammation may occur as acute or chronic sinusitis Chronic sinusitis - the effect on health While chronic process is exacerbated in the event of an enabling environment. Odontogenic sinusitis in chronic form may develop as a result of acute inflammation, or is initially primarily chronic disease.

Ways of infection

Foci of infection is in the upper jaw, from pathogens or their metabolic products to penetrate into the cavity sinuses. The causative agents are staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, as well as a combination or mix infection. As the infection may start performing the following pathological conditions:

• formed cysts of the upper jaw, they fester
• periodontitis
• development of osteomyelitis in the upper jaw
• presence of a foreign body, clinical situation, where the filling material enters the sinus cavity
• anatomical structure, such as proximity to the tops of the roots of the teeth of the maxillary sinus

The development of sinusitis is possible in case of odontogenic focus and reducing the immunological capacity of the organism, when suffering the protection of local and general level, developing sensitization mucosa of the maxillary sinus as a result of exposure to pathogens. Formation of the source of infection naturally leads to the destruction of bone tissue. That layer of bone that separates the top of the roots of the teeth of the upper jaw (especially this molars and premolars) thin, while removing a tooth bottom perforation occurs sinuses. Thinning bone wall helps push the root of the tooth directly into the maxillary sinus. The presence of a foreign body naturally a cause of inflammation in the sinus cavity. If, during the manipulation of the filling material was in his bosom, it also becomes a source of inflammation.

Odontogenic perforation with getting into the sinus cavity foreign body may occur after surgery on the upper jaw, for example, after opening and removal of cysts, curettage Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   root granuloma after manipulation of intraosseous implants, resection of the root tip.

Possible clinical variants of the disease

In acute sinusitis odontogenic characteristic will be the local manifestations of the disease. There is severe pain in the upper jaw where the tooth is located, is the source of the infection. During the physical examination of the jaw swelling draws attention to the cheeks, skin discoloration on the affected side, redness or flushing of the gums, and local pain at a pressure on the tooth and hold percussion. The pain can be quite intensive, making it difficult to conduct the inspection. In a complicated variant of flow can detect fistulas, which are located on a sick tooth (clinical variant of odontogenic osteomyelitis).

Later on the affected side of the nasal passage appear muco-purulent discharge .  The most clearly visible in these secretions rhinoscopy, the more they will be localized in the middle nasal passage .  Patients complain of paroxysmal nature of the headache, a feeling of fullness, heaviness in the maxillary sinus .  The inflammatory process is accompanied by severe general symptoms, there is a weakness, weakness, malaise, body temperature can rise to hectic digits (40 *) .  Purulent exudate that accumulates in the paranasal sinuses can be well seen on X-ray images in a horizontal liquid level .  This feature is not permanent, so it can not be considered a major at the time of diagnostic measures .  It is mandatory to be a study of a blood test, which revealed signs of inflammatory reaction (leukocytosis with a shift formulas blood before the young blood cells, increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate) .

Unlike the acute form of chronic odontogenic sinusitis the disease is characterized by periods of exacerbation and inflammation subsided. After a cold or viral diseases in the upper jaw there is pain or a feeling of heaviness. The pain may radiate to the entire upper jaw, on the area of ​​the facial skeleton. In some cases the pain is unilateral and corresponds to locate the source of infection in the upper jaw. For chronic odontogenic sinusitis characterized by the presence of purulent nasal discharge. This clinical symptom is considered permanent, so it helps in the differential diagnosis.

The number of abnormal discharge from the nose can vary from abundant to scarce selections. Patients themselves or the people around you note the presence of a specific odor of fetid nasal discharge, which is caused by multiplication of the bacterial flora. Due to the long process of chronic impaired sense of smell in patients with odontogenic sinusitis Sinusitis - when a puncture is required   It is reduced. For a period of remission of the disease characterized by the absence of bright clinical manifestations, symptoms will be erased. Chronic odontogenic sinusitis, which is prolonged and not diagnosed in time, can cause the development of hyperplastic processes, polypoid forms of the disease, as well as the localization of cancer in the lining of sinuses. Possible complications of this form of sinusitis can be a thrombosis Thrombosis - the cause of heart attack and stroke   sinuses of the brain and the development of cellulitis orbit. To prevent such complications should promptly engage activities on dental health, i.e. remove all possible sources of infection located in the oral cavity.