Chronic laryngitis occurs in persons often suffer from acute laryngitis, long overusing the voice or with relevant professional hazards. The emergence of the disease contribute to smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages, a variety of chronic diseases and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.

Clinical presentation and classification

In chronic laryngitis patient complained of feeling sore and dry throat, hoarseness, or hoarseness, dry cough intrusive. At laryngoscopy the doctor diagnose catarrhal, hypertrophic or atrophic form of chronic laryngitis.

• Bluetongue form is characterized by hyperemia and infiltration of the mucosa of the larynx, thickening or complete closure of the vocal cords, voice deterioration due to inflammatory changes in tissues of the larynx.
• Hypertrophic form is often a continuation of bluetongue, but can develop independently and is characterized by hyperplasia of the mucosa of the larynx, mild but persistent erythema and infiltration.
• There are limited hyperplastic laryngitis, which is characterized by the formation of nodules, pachydermia, hyperkeratosis on the background of a moderately altered mucosa and diffuse hypertrophic laryngitis in which hyperplasia spread diffusely, above all in the area of ​​the vocal folds that look thickened, congested, poorly meshed and covered with viscous mucus as there is a violation of the secreting glands of the mucous membrane of the larynx.
• Atrophic form is characterized by thinning of the mucosa of the larynx, which looks like a rough-coated viscous mucus dries into crusts. According to the degree of manifestation are distinguished subatrophic and atrophic form of chronic laryngitis.

Diagnosis and treatment

Chronic laryngitis audiologist diagnoses following the inspection, special methods of investigation and differential diagnosis with some similar clinical manifestations of diseases, such as syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   and cancer of the larynx.

Treatment of chronic laryngitis complex, and depends on the long form of the disease. Inhalation therapy begins with the destination thinning mucus expectorants, due to the fact that in all forms of chronic laryngitis a large amount of viscous mucus or crusts, which impede the absorption of drugs. Then appointed inhaled medicines and then thirty minutes - inhalation of vegetable oils.

At catarrhal and hypertrophic forms for inhalation as anti-inflammatory drugs are used solutions chymotrypsin, prednisolone and hydrocortisone Prednisolone - against inflammation, allergy and pain, but with complications . May be appointed tannin decoction of oak bark, some other binders and slaboprizhigayuschie means to reduce the secretion of mucus and swelling of the mucous membrane. In the presence of an inflammatory component in patients with chronic hypertrophic laryngitis may additionally be administered broad spectrum antibiotics Broad-spectrum antibiotics - not only treat but also cripple   and biologically active promoters, such as lysozyme. In chronic atrophic laryngitis used warm wet salted inhalation solutions, mineral water.

From the spectrum of physical therapy used UHF inductothermy, darsonvalization, mud applications on the area of ​​the larynx. Of great importance is the exclusion irritants, restorative measures, sanitation foci of chronic infection, the correct voice mode and breathing exercises.

Svetlana Shimkovich

Sinusitis - is one of the most common diseases of any age. The beginning of sinusitis is very easy to be confused with the common cold - as a result, many patients do not seek medical help promptly and the disease becomes chronic.

Why can begin sinusitis

Sinusitis is often complicated by bacterial or viral infections, and allergic diseases nasopharynx. Perhaps the development of sinusitis and dental diseases, after injuries and operations on the ENT organs.

The transition of the inflammatory process in the cavity of the maxillary sinus promote features of its structure from oral maxillary sinus bone separated by only a thin partition, and with the nasal cavity has a message through small openings. Sinusitis often difficult for a viral infection, but it is not caused by viruses, and bacterial microflora, constantly lives in the nasopharynx. Such microflora called opportunistic as it causes disease only under certain conditions, for example, in reducing the body's defenses against the background of a viral infection.

Terms and conditions for the development of pathogenic microflora may appear with colds (supercooling), severe stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis Against the background of various chronic diseases that reduce immunity (eg, diabetes).

The first signs of sinusitis on a background of acute respiratory infection (ARI)

Often the first symptoms of sinusitis Sinusitis - symptoms of inflammation in the maxillary sinus   occur when cold or other infection is almost over, the temperature dropped. Repeated temperature rise to high numbers indicates the presence of some complications. And as this headaches, facial pain and nasal congestion is enhanced, and then there are abundant nasal discharge, suggests that SARS complicated sinusitis.

Identify timely sinusitis against SARS is very important, as it is a bacterial disease that requires antibiotics, while SARS is treated only symptomatically.

The first signs of sinusitis on the background of the common cold

When cold the first manifestations of sinusitis can be mistaken for a viral infection. Also, there is high fever, malaise, fatigue, nasal congestion and headaches. But headaches are particularly stubborn and combined with pain in the projection of the maxillary sinuses. Headache is also enhanced by the evening. After some time, there are abundant nasal discharge - fluid, mucous, pus or blood.

To avoid mistakes in the diagnosis, it is best to call the doctor - the timely appointment of antibacterial therapy prevent the development of complications and the transition of acute to chronic.

The first signs of sinusitis on a background of allergic diseases

The easiest way to "not notice" the beginning of sinusitis in allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis, when the nose is stuffed up so consistently and constantly worried liquid transparent allocation Transparent allocation when they are normal?   from the nose. Constant insufficient supply of oxygen to the brain causing brain Frequent headaches.

Therefore, the appearance of high temperature is often regarded as a viral infection, because other symptoms of the disease may well be mistaken for allergy. But with careful attention to the disease can still be noted that the headache was the constant rise, there was a sensation of fullness in the head and pain in the face near the nose, worse pressure.

If you start the treatment of sinusitis on a background of allergic disease, treat it and then it will be very difficult - the infection is often the allergen causing the allergic process and allergy immediately joins the infectious-inflammatory process, forming thus a vicious circle.

What additional studies can detect sinusitis

If you suspect sinusitis patient necessarily prescribe blood tests and X-rays of the sinuses. In general, a blood test for acute sinusitis Acute sinusitis - occurs as the inflammatory process   necessarily be signs of inflammation - a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and an increased number of white blood cells, particularly granular (granulocytes).

On the X-ray of the paranasal sinuses can be seen in the shade of the maxillary sinus on the affected side. This basic research methods that allow a diagnosis of sinusitis.

After the antibiotic treatment and recovery of the general state of the patient, it is carried out a detailed survey to identify possible irregularities in the structure of the nose, or the effects of the inflammatory process in the form of intranasal tissue growths that prevent the removal of secretions from the maxillary sinus. All of the violations being treated using conservative or operative methods.

Galina Romanenko