Often inflammation in the ear becomes complicated course, the process becomes chronic, long-term in duration. Chronic otitis media can be characterized by undulating course, when the processes of acute inflammation followed by periods of improvement. The appearance of discharge from the ear is not constant symptoms that should be considered when carrying out diagnostic measures.

How do the properties of pathogenic microorganisms

Chronic otitis media in most cases, is the result of acute inflammation in the ear. If timely therapeutic measures were not taken, there is a risk the transition to the stage of a chronic disease process. Onset of the disease is most often falls on the children's age.

If otitis media caused by strains of microorganisms that are pathogenic properties have pronounced, the disease will proceed more severe when the symptoms of chronic otitis reflect the severity of inflammation in the ear. The occurrence of pathogenic properties of pathogens contributes to reduction of the protective properties of the body.

In this context, great importance is given to the survey, which reveals the sensitivity of microorganisms to various antibacterial agents. If you can get a discharge from the ear, it is necessary to carry out this type of research, which many times will increase the effectiveness of treatment. Chronic otitis media Otitis media - children's problem   characterized by a perforation of the eardrum, so that you can get a discharge or pus for the necessary research.

What are the kinds of chronic otitis

Chronic otitis media in adults clinically conventionally divided into several options of inflammation:

• first embodiment differs benign course, as characterized by both local inflammation limited to the mucosa middle portion tympanum
• the second option is malignant, unfavorable course, leads to the development of severe intracranial complications that, despite advances in medicine are often the cause of death

Adverse clinical variant occurs in a protracted form, when the phenomenon of purulent inflammation difficult to reverse development. Due to the long stay of pathogenic organisms can develop damage to bone structures, micro-promote the infection from spreading without hindrance into the cavity of the brain. Otogennyh spread of infection is the cause of brain abscesses or meningitis Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges . Threat status for human life is a sepsis when there is a spread of pathogens through the body with the formation of additional foci of infection in various organs.

If the patient does not seek early medical care, it can lead to a long finding of pus, which will be an irritant to the mucous normal ear. This constant irritation is the cause of abnormal growths of tissue or granulation. Eventually occur closing meatus granulation.

The possibilities of therapy at the present stage

When choosing a treatment strategy based on the nature of the doctor of inflammation in the ear, these physical examination, laboratory and microbiological studies. Treatment of chronic otitis Otitis - than could face an ear infection   It involves the appointment of anti-inflammatory therapy, antimicrobials, as well as extensive use of local procedures, methods of physiotherapy effects. The question of how to treat chronic otitis, deserves special attention, as in the choice of irrational tactics patient is at risk of developing complications that are associated with the formation of resistant species of pathogens.

If any inflammation in the limited area of ​​the acceptability of conservative measures. This implies not only the purpose of anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as an active washing tympanum and auditory canal area. Pus must be removed, so the drainage of the cavity allows the outflow of the contents of an inflammatory nature. Treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media Purulent otitis - why develop complications   in the case of established allergic causes of the disease comprises administering anti-allergy drugs. The presence of pus in itself may be a factor that maintains a state of increased sensitization of the organism.

Active use of physiotherapy treatments is recommended only at the stage of authorization of purulent inflammation. If the patient is noted the presence of the temperature of the reaction, the objective signs of inflammation, the effect of physiotherapy may affect adversely on the course of otitis media as a whole and lead to a deterioration of the patient. Previously the patient should consult a physician physiotherapist who determines the amount of treatment. The most common forms of chronic otitis recommended for microwave therapy or procedure electrophoresis.

As an effective method of treatment are assigned a variety of ear drops. Using the drops allowed if the patient does not have suppuration of the ear. If in the process of local treatment there was suppuration, local procedures should be stopped. If conservative measures did not have any therapeutic effect, it solved the problem of surgical treatment. To ensure drainage of pus dissect the eardrum, which would create a free outflow of pus through the ear canal will ensure a speedy recovery. In the most serious cases resort to surgery trepanation.

Marina Solovyov

Glue ear in its development goes through several stages. Each of them is accompanied by certain features. After confirmation of the diagnosis being treated, which can be both conservative and surgical.

Glue ear - an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of Eustachian tube and the tympanic cavity. Such a state is generated when the auditory tube ceases to perform its function of ventilation in full.

The cause of the disease can be transferred respiratory viral infection. Irrational use of antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? Which themselves may in some cases create a favorable environment for the reproduction of microorganisms resistant to them. The development of the disease also influence inflammatory and allergic processes in the upper respiratory tract and disorders of the immune system The immune system - how it works? .

Forms and stages of the disease

• Glue ear for the duration of the flow is divided into three forms. The disease can be:
• Acute (up to three weeks);
• Subacute (three to eight weeks);
• Chronic (for more than eight weeks).

Depending on the changes that occur in the middle ear, there are several stages of otitis media. It:

• Bluetongue. The mucous membrane of Eustachian tube becomes inflamed and ventilation function of the latter is broken. Admission of air in the middle ear is reduced or ceases completely. The mucosa continues to suck in air, which leads to the formation of a vacuum in the tympanic cavity. There is accumulated liquid and leukocytes White blood cells as the basis of immunity   in a small amount migrates to the middle ear. The duration of this step reaches one month;
• Secretory. During this period, the mucous membrane of the middle ear increases the number of secretory cells. In the tympanum accumulated mucus. The duration is from one month to one year;
• Mucosal. The contents of the tympanum becomes viscous and thick. This stage develops from one to two years;
• The fibrous. Mucus production is reduced, and the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity is replaced by connective tissue, there is a scar process.

The symptoms of glue ear

In the first stage of exudative otitis person notices that his hearing worsened slightly. There is easy syringmus (a condition where your own voice gives to the affected ear).

In the secretory stage, there is noise, a feeling of pressure and fullness in the ear. Hearing impairment worse. Sometimes when you change the position of the head man notes feeling transfusion fluid, thus improving hearing. In the third and fourth stages of hearing loss continue to grow.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of exudative otitis Otitis - than could face an ear infection   It is not always timely. This is due to the fact that the disease is malosimptomno, pain are not expressed and not feel disturbed. For a small hearing loss, which slowly grows, the patient usually gets used.

In order to make a diagnosis, the doctor need to find out the complaints and human history of the disease (ie, how to develop a pathology). Then the specialist conducts the survey.

The doctor performs otoscopy - examination of the external ear canal and eardrum using special tools. Also used tympanometry (the method in which the investigating pressure in the middle ear, the state of the auditory tube and the degree of ossicular conduction and mobility of the tympanic membrane). If any of the Eustachian tube is determined by the negative pressure in the middle ear. In order to assess the degree of hearing loss, audiometry carried out.

Treatment of exudative otitis

Treatment of patients is aimed at eliminating the causes that caused the change in the function of the eustachian tube. Then, measures are being taken to restore hearing and prevention of persistent changes in the middle ear. If the Eustachian tube patency arose because of diseases of the nose, sinuses or throat, it is primarily treated with this pathology.

Apply the eustachian tube blowing, and physical therapy (in-the-electrophoresis with corticosteroids and proteolytic enzymes). The doctor may prescribe antibiotics (protected penicillins, macrolides).

In the nose, you can bury vasoconstrictor drugs, but their use should be short-lived. If otitis media developed against the backdrop of an allergy, then use antihistamines. Also appoint fortifying agents, vitamins, and immunomodulators.

To do this, perform paracentesis (artificial perforation) of the eardrum and the resulting incision is administered through a shunt (tube) of special materials. The shunt administered drugs into the tympanic cavity and its contents removed. In some cases, perform percutaneous bypass. In this form the tunnel wall in the region of low back under the skin of the auditory meatus.

In some patients, and this treatment does not lead to recovery. This may be due to the fact that inflammation is not limited to the tympanic cavity, and moved to a mastoid temporal bone. In this case, reveal pneumatic cells mastoid.

Not recommended for the treatment of exudative otitis folk remedies. This can lead to complications and deterioration of the person.

Treatment of exudative otitis media should be performed only by a physician after a complex diagnostic procedures. The choice of method depends on the characteristics of the disease, the reasons that caused it, and the patient's condition. In some cases, the conservative treatment is carried out only, and other - require surgery.