Hematuria

Blood in the urine (hematuria) may be contained in a large amount by changing the color of urine, it is called gross hematuria. If blood in the urine, ie, red blood cells or red blood cells can be seen only under a microscope, then talking about microhematuria.

Hematuria is one of the signs at malformations, injuries and diseases of the genitourinary system. Distinguish true hematuria with the presence in urine of blood cells, and false - staining of urine red due to impurities in the blood pigment hemoglobinuria (urinary excretion of hemoglobin), side effects of certain medications, and so on. If transparency is saved false hematuria urine sediment in red blood cells are absent.

Hematuria may occur after taking certain medications, such as drugs that prevent clotting (heparin, bishydroxycoumarin), sulfa drugs, and so on.

Types of hematuria

Depending on the location of the source of bleeding distinguish initial, final and total (total) hematuria. Initial hematuria, in which only the initial urine sample contains an admixture of blood, evidence of the defeat of the lower part of the urethra. Often this type of hematuria combined with an independent (outside of urination) the release of blood from the urethra. It can occur after trauma, tumors of the urinary tract, inflammation of the urethra.

End hematuria is characterized by the appearance of blood in the last portion of the urine, it occurs when the inflammation of the bladder, prostate, stones and tumors of the bladder and upper urethra; at least - at an adenoma and prostate cancer Prostate cancer - the sad consequences of carelessness , Varicose veins Varicose veins - the operation is inevitable?   in the bladder.

Total hematuria occurs when processes which are located in the kidneys, ureters and bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   - Blood in such cases is in all urine samples. Of particular importance is painless hematuria total, which is often the only sign of cancer of the urinary system.

Symptoms of blood in the urine

Urine in the presence of blood in it can have various hues from red (if the source of the bleeding at the end of the urinary system), meat slops color to brown, dark-colored coffee or tea. Often the selection of blood in the urine accompanied by pain during urination - this is usually a sign of inflammation of the bladder and the stones in it. If there is no pain, and the urine changed its color, this may be a sign of tumors of the bladder and kidneys. Blood clots in the urine suggests bleeding from the kidney or renal pelvis.

Bleeding from both ureters (they connect the kidneys to the bladder) can be seen during the diagnostic study - cystoscopy when kidney disease, such as glomerulonephritis Glomerulonephritis - a severe infection of the kidneys   (infectious and allergic diseases of the kidneys are allergic to its own tissues). Bleeding from a ureter can be seen during cystoscopy in the tumor or kidney injury, kidney stones, some forms of renal tuberculosis, and so on. Blood in the urine may be due to compression of the renal vein, the destruction of kidney tissue in inflammation of the kidneys (particularly in patients with diabetes).

Diagnostics

Hematuria may be a random finding, and the only complaint of the patient. In any case, such a person must be carefully examined. In the early conducted urinalysis, which confirms or refutes the presence of blood in urine. Then assayed the number of red blood cells contained in 1 ml of urine or in the daily amount of urine (urine on Nechiporenko and Addis Kakovskomu). On examination of urine sediment under the microscope determine the nature of red blood cells (modified or not). Urine culture is also carried out for special protection in order to prevent infection.

General blood test will reveal what kind of changes are available in the urinary system (inflammatory, suspected tumor process, and so on). Be sure to also performed biochemical blood tests that detect violations of metabolic processes in the body and impaired function of internal organs.

Held instrumental examination of the urinary tract, which allows you to specify the root cause of blood in the urine. This X-ray and ultrasound studies, if necessary - a biopsy (taking a piece of tissue for analysis).

Treatment

If the loss of blood in the urine are significant, in parallel with the examination of the patient is administered hemostatics and increase blood clotting drugs. The rest of the treatment is carried out after a complete examination and depends on the disease causing the hematuria.

If the survey you accidentally found in the urine of blood, you should not be afraid, because it's not talking about the severity of the disease. But blood in the urine - is a signal that you need to conduct a comprehensive examination

  Galina Romanenko

What can be done with urinary incontinence in women

Whichever form of female urinary incontinence you have not suffered (and some women manifests itself as urgent incontinence, and stress is called mixed incontinence), it is important to seek help before the problem will lead to social exclusion. As soon as a woman stops communicating, it is easy to see how isolation can lead to depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood .

If you notice symptoms of urinary incontinence, such as leakage of urine, tell your doctor. He or she can recommend you consult a specialist, for example, Urogynecology - an obstetrician-gynecologist who specializes in the treatment of women with pelvic floor problems, including urinary incontinence in women - or urologist with experience in the treatment of urinary incontinence in women.

Options for the treatment of incontinence in women

Some medications can aggravate urinary incontinence in women, such as drugs for high blood pressure, antihistamines Antihistamines: how to neutralize the negative effects of histamine? . If you have incontinence and you are taking these medications, your doctor can help you switch to another drug in the hope of mitigating the problem.

Simple drugs such as the use of protective clothing, such as gaskets Feminine pads - talk about wings   or diapers for adults, may reduce this problem. It may also help to strengthen the muscles that control the bladder, by performing Kegel exercises.

Biofeedback may also improve the incontinence. In one study, which involved 26 women with urge incontinence, presented in 2006, it indicated that biofeedback helps women learn to control the muscles of the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function   and reduce symptoms of overactive bladder.

If the state of incontinence not improved by using these techniques, and they significantly interfere with your life and activities, your doctor may suggest medication or surgery. During surgery using surgical thread bladder is raised to its normal position. This allows the muscles that help keep urine work better.

During another procedure, which is called "loop" is used a strip of material, whether it is natural or synthetic fabric, to support the bladder neck and prevent the incontinence.