What asthenozoospermia and why it develops

Asthenozoospermia - a reduction in the number of motile sperm in the semen of men. Such a violation of sperm quality in most cases, the cause of male infertility The causes of infertility - heredity and lifestyle So how fast the sperm can fertilize the egg.

There are recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnosis asthenozoospermia. According to WHO the mobility of all sperm are divided into four groups:

• A group of sperm are able to move forward quickly (active progressive);
• The sperm group progressing slowly (weakly progressive);
• sperm of the group are able to move only on the spot;
• Group D sperm immobile.

WHO standards established normal motility: for fertilizing sperm had good properties, it should be more than 20% spermatozoa Group A and more than 50% spermatozoa groups A and B.

The emergence asthenozoospermia not usually associated with age: in men the ability to fertilize decreases with age is not as much as in women. Most often asthenozoospermia is a consequence of innate characteristics or occurs after various illness.

It is believed that the mobility of sperm cells can be disrupted when the chemical composition of the liquid portion (plasma) of sperm, it is reduced carbohydrate content (energy source), which reduces their mobility. Is also important reduction or disappearance of a negative electric charge sperm deposition on the surface of sperm cells of various microorganisms (e.g., mycoplasma). This gives rise to various disorders of spermatogenesis (formation of sperm), thereby forming not only the minimal amount of spermatozoa and their motility is disrupted.

The reasons for all of these events have not been studied, it may be the effect of various poisons (alcohol, nicotine, certain drugs, industrial poisons), radiation Radiation and its biological effect: gently infected! , High temperature, inflammation, various autoimmune (allergies to their own body tissues) processes.

The number of fixed sperm increases with prolonged abstinence.

Signs asthenozoospermia and its diagnosis

Asthenozoospermia usually asymptomatic, its main feature is the male infertility.

Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive survey: exclude or being treated infections, inflammatory processes, check the vas patency ways. But the main information on the status of the sperm produced by laboratory studies of sperm (semen).

Sperm (ejaculate) for laboratory research going after 3-5 days of sexual abstinence. During this period, it is impossible to use any aggressive substances (alcoholic beverages, medicines and so on). Semen is obtained during masturbation after which it is necessary for one hour to bring the laboratory.

Normal sperm must be tough, grayish-white, with a specific smell. The volume of the sperm should not be less than 2 mL (has smaller volume may be the cause of infertility), sperm count - no less than 20 million per 1 mL of mobility should meet the criteria of the WHO. It has the value and viscosity of semen: high viscosity hampers the movement of sperm into the uterus.

Reaction sperm should be alkaline (ph - 7, 2-8, 0). In the acidic environment of the vagina most of the sperm die within the first hours. Semen, which has an alkaline reaction, for some time, and neutralizes the acidic environment enables active sperm get into the womb.

If sperm few motile sperm, it reduces the possibility of pregnancy. However, if there is at least a few motile sperm, pregnancy is possible.

Treatment asthenozoospermia

Treatment depends on the cause asthenozoospermia caused it. For asthenozoospermia caused by congenital and genetic disorders, treatment can not be. In other cases, the elimination of the causes of the disease usually leads to the full restoration of sperm production and motility.

Furthermore, the treatment asthenozoospermia appointed complex of vitamins and drugs, which improve the blood flow in the testis (such as Trental).

If asthenozoospermia is genetic and can not be cured, and in this case, you can help: using various techniques of sperm concentration, followed by artificial insemination of women.

Treatment of prostatitis using the physiotherapy

Physiotherapy treatment of prostatitis are used mainly in the treatment of chronic forms of the disease.

The mechanism of action and effectiveness of treatment depends on the specific properties of each therapeutic physical factors - devices used to treat prostatitis different. The effectiveness of physiotherapy is estimated by the degree of relief of various symptoms of prostatitis Symptoms of prostatitis - pain and voiding . In chronic inflammation of the prostate gland deeply warms prescribed physiotherapy, using one or the other device for the treatment of prostatitis:

• treatment of VHF (VHF) - are employed in the high-frequency alternating current heats the deep tissue, reduces inflammation and pain;
• magnetic field therapy - low-frequency magnetic field is rapidly improves blood circulation in the prostate, relieves swelling, accelerates the resorption of inflammatory foci;
• electrophoresis of the prostate is indicated for the reduction of pain (with novocaine), inflammation (with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs);
• ultrasound therapy - effects of mechanical vibration on the fabric leads to persistent anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect, promotes the resorption of scarring.

treatment of prostatitis laser enables faster and more effectively reduces inflammation and pain, the recovery of prostate tissue; laser treatment of prostatitis often is carried out by laser exposure on biologically active points on the skin of the patient;

Physical therapy for prostate increases the effectiveness of drug treatment and facilitates the transition of the acute stage of the disease into remission.

In recent years, physiotherapy methods for treating prostatitis were complemented method transrectal microwave hyperthermia Hyperthermia - when the body is overheated   (TRMG) at which effects on the prostate temperature 40-42 ° C, resulting in a significant improvement of the microcirculation in the prostate, reduced stagnation therein, to improve transport of drugs into the prostate tissue. To conduct TRMG devices are used to treat prostatitis Prostcare (Bruker, France) and Primus (Tec-nomatix, Belgium).

Mechanical effects on the prostate gland

Mechanical action on the prostate gland is performed only in a state of remission. Massage and physiotherapy improve blood circulation and relieve congestion in the prostate, and this contributes to the rapid completion of the inflammatory process.

Minimally invasive treatment of prostatitis

For minimally invasive therapies are manipulations associated with minimal tissue damage .  Specific procedures and apparatus for treatment of prostatitis in this case, the doctor chooses .  This new treatments for prostate, these include: transurethral microwave therapy (TUMT), transurethral needle ablation (TUNA), interstitial laser therapy and some other techniques .  All of these methods are used in the complications of prostatitis .  Thus, when sprouting and swelling of the prostate tissue on a background of prostatitis it begins to compress the urethra, which leads to voiding .  If you remove these violations medication methods fails, partially destroying the prostate tissue using techniques TUMT (uses microwave energy), TUNA (used radio energy), cryoablation (destruction of prostate tissue using cold - liquid nitrogen) .  Interstitial laser therapy - is the use of laser light to destroy prostate tissue .  This is the most effective treatment for prostatitis .

Sometimes, chronic prostatitis is maintained due to violation of the passage of urine in the lower urinary tract. This is usually due to the narrowing of the urethra (urethritis). In this case, the minimally invasive technique: installation of prostatic stents and balloon dilatation (widening) of the urethra.

Methods of treatment using the prostate of prostatic stents are introduction into the urethra of metal structures in a spiral, which is installed at the site of constriction. Balloon dilation of the urethra - is an extension of the urethral lumen is inflated balloon, which is inserted into the urethra using a cystoscope with.

All these techniques are very effective, however, the most effective treatment of prostatitis must be complex.

Surgical treatment of prostatitis

Treatment of prostatitis in men may also be carried out surgically. The operation requires the patient prostatitis Prostatitis: how to deal with pain   Only in the event of complications that impede the flow of urine. At the same time with the problem first try to cope by means of minimally invasive methods, and if it fails, the patient is recommended to perform the operation.

The indications for surgery are those complications of prostatitis as the abscess Abscess - why it is so dangerous ulcers? Cysts, strictures (narrowing of the persistent) excretory ducts of the prostate. The most common operations are performed endoscopically (transurethral) method, in which the urethra by endoscopic instruments are introduced, and the surgeon saw the image on the screen in real time, making the operation.

Sometimes carried prostatectomy - complete removal of the prostate gland. The indication for the operation is a failure as a result of inflammation of the prostate.

Surgery for prostate held in extreme cases, when you need to urgently alleviate the patient's condition.

The best treatment of prostatitis - a treatment that the doctor took the patient, taking into account its individual characteristics and the nature of the disease.

Galina Romanenko