Happy are the parents whose child is healthy. But how much force is necessary to make the expectant mother and the father and the future, to conceive, carry and give birth to a healthy baby. In this regard, more and more couples are suitable for the birth of the child thoroughly. The first step towards the birth of a healthy child - is planning to become pregnant: avoiding harmful habits, healthy life, correction of chronic diseases and visiting the doctor-genetics. But of great importance in planning a pregnancy folic acid well before conception.

Folic acid

Folic acid (vitamin B9 or folacin) is derived from the Latin word folium, which translates as a sheet, so it is in great quantity in the green stuff. Folic acid is a vital vitamin and its role in the body is truly irreplaceable. Folic acid is involved in the synthesis of nucleic acid metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things , Blood (red cells, platelets and white blood cells), stimulates mental activity, immune and regenerative processes. Furthermore, folacin is required for normal operation of the gastrointestinal tract. In humans folic acid Folic acid - the value is hard to overestimate   It comes from food, and is further produced by intestinal microflora.

Folic acid when planning pregnancy

Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy leads to irreversible consequences, which is why it is so important to take folacin at the stage of preparation for conception. Folic acid prevents the development of neural tube defects, which include spina bifida, anencephaly (absence of a brain), brain herniation, cleft lip and cleft palate. In addition, with a lack of folic acid deficiency anemia folievodefitsitnoy develops when the red blood cells out of the bone marrow immature, and the woman feels tired and irritable with poor appetite. Also, folic acid deficiency - is a risk factor for atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries   and strokes.

Men are also shown folic acid during pregnancy planning. The lack of folacin reduces the content of healthy sperm and sperm motility.

Which contains folic acid?

Most Folic acid is found in foods of plant origin. These include: parsley Parsley Health and Beauty , Lettuce, spinach, bran, yeast, green peas, beans, citrus fruits, avocados, buckwheat and oat cereals, pumpkin, nuts. Of the products of animal origin, the highest content of folic acid in the liver. Also folic acid is part of the meat (lamb, beef), fish (salmon, tuna), eggs, cheese and milk.

For normal functioning of the intestine and the stimulation of the bacteria involved in the synthesis of folic acid is recommended that the lactic diet.

The dosage of folic acid during pregnancy planning

On the recommendations of the World Health Organization folic acid should begin no later than three months before the alleged conception. The daily dose of folic acid for women should be at least 0, 8 milligrams (800 micrograms), and if there is a history of children with congenital neural tube dose increases up to four milligrams. Men folic acid as shown in the three months prior to conception, a daily dose of 0, 4 milligrams (400 micrograms).

Formulations containing folic acid

• Tablets folic acid

One tablet contains 1,000 micrograms (1 milligram). Take one tablet once a day. But given the frequent flowing hidden vitamin deficiencies, the dose is increased to two or three tablets per day.

• Folacin

One tablet contains 5000 mg (5 mg) and assigned to a therapeutic rather than a prophylactic measure.

• Folio

One tablet contains 400 mg (0, 4 milligrams) of folic acid and 200 mg of iodine. The drug is a complex and requires additional intake of iodine.

• Apo-folik

The composition of one tablet enters 5,000 mg (5 mg) of folic acid and also assigned to the purpose of treatment.

• Multivitamin complex

Materna, Multi-tabs, Eleven, Pregnavit, Vitrum, Prenatal. They contain folic acid in various dosages.

Anna Sozinova

Bladder infection is a very common problem among pregnant women. The most common infectious agent that causes inflammation is E. coli. To eliminate the infection or timely detect it and begin treatment to all pregnant women need to do regular urine analysis.

Pathogenesis

Pregnant women are at increased risk of inflammation of the bladder and other organs of urinary tract infections as a result. After about 6 weeks of pregnancy in women begins the expansion of the ureter. He became the most extensive in the 22-24 week, and remains so until delivery. The increase in bladder capacity at reduced his tone, coupled with a reduction in the tone of the urethra contribute to slowing urine flow and urethrovesical reflux. Furthermore, the increase in plasma volume leads to decrease of concentration of the urine, which is conducive to the growth of bacteria in the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function . Increasing the amount of estrogen and progestin in the urinary tract reduces the resistance to the invasion of bacteria. All these factors contribute to the development of infections and inflammation of the bladder during pregnancy.

Infectious agents in pregnant women is the same as that of the other patients. 80-90% of infections caused by E. coli. They are often caused by other Gram-negative bacteria, e.g., Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and group B pathogens are Staphylococcus saprophyticus bladder infections more often. Finally, the most rarely observed in pregnant women infections caused by microorganisms such as enterococci, Gardnerella vaginalis and Ureaplasma ureolyticum.

It causes inflammation of the bladder

Pathogens, as mentioned above, can cause a variety of diseases, from relatively benign to dangerous for a pregnant woman and her unborn child. Bladder Inflammation is a common, but not the only symptom of these diseases.

Acute cystitis

Acute cystitis Cystitis: urgently take action   It is characterized by signs of inflammation of the bladder, frequent urination, a comparative selection of small amounts of urine, and sometimes pain during urination. Signs of systemic disease while absent.

For suspected acute cystitis Acute cystitis: Treat treated responsibly   Pregnant women pass urine for analysis, but treatment usually begins even before they are ready - said the presence of symptoms allows a fairly accurate diagnosis. It is generally recommended antibiotics for 7-10 days. According to studies, a three-day course of treatment often gives the same result, but there is a risk of re-infection, which in pregnant women can have serious consequences.

Pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy - a serious systemic disease, which can give serious complications, including sepsis and prematurity. Besides the usual symptoms of inflammation of the bladder and pyelonephritis is accompanied by symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. Pyelonephritis occurs in approximately 2% of pregnant women; 23% of them might be a relapse. To prevent complications must be early, aggressive treatment. Hospitalization, although often recommended, not always really necessary. It is necessary for such signs of sepsis, vomiting and dehydration, as well as, if a woman starts the fight - regardless of gestational age.

For treatment antibiotics, which is administered intravenously and is taken orally. Among these antibiotics - cephalexin and cephalothin.

Generally, improvement occurs within 24-48 hours. The most common cause of treatment failure is the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics used. If fever and other signs of systemic disease persist despite the antibiotics, the patient should be checked for possible structural abnormalities. For the diagnosis can be used ultrasound or IVP. The indications for intravenous pyelography is the preservation of the symptoms of infection after antibiotic treatment. However, if possible, should be avoided, since even low levels of X-ray radiation used during this diagnostic procedure is potentially dangerous to the fetus.

In most cases, inflammation of the urinary bladder Inflammation of the bladder - inconvenient and unpleasant   pregnant women easily treatable and poses no serious risk to the health of mother and child. Nevertheless, the detection of inflammation caused by infection, as soon as possible to begin treatment, to minimize any risks to health.