Explanation of ultrasound during pregnancy - it is the competence of the doctor. To decrypt need to know all the peculiarities of pregnancy and its complications. However, women should be aware of their condition, because nothing is more frightening as the unknown. Therefore, obstetricians usually tell a pregnant woman that she revealed to conduct an ultrasound.

Decoding results in pregnancy ultrasound

Every woman during pregnancy is scheduled to undergo three ultrasound. In addition, if found any abnormality, it may appoint an additional US, the number of which is determined by necessity.

Every time a woman gets in the hands of a report, which is extremely difficult to understand and it is unnerving. Fully understand these conclusions only by a doctor. Nevertheless, the basic parameters can be decoded independently. So, at the first ultrasound (11-13 weeks), the fetus identify the most serious malformations, chromosomal disease. Fetal malformations Fetal development - week after week   this period may be determined by the thickness of the neck area - the back of the neck. The thickness of the neck area, in excess of the standard indicates the presence of fetal malformations or chromosomal disorders (eg Down's syndrome). To suspect the presence of fetal heart defects Heart defects - time heals?   possible for heart rate (HR). Heart rate indicator above or below the norm (norm - 120-160 cuts per second) requires a thorough examination of the heart with the second scheduled ultrasound. You can see a multiple pregnancy, the placenta and the emerging state of the uterine wall.

The second ultrasound (21-24 weeks) can reveal anomalies of the internal organs, which were not identified at the first ultrasound, placental circulation disorders and symptoms of infection of the fetus. For example, heart disease can be confirmed when we look at the heart valves. Heart rate indicator above or below the norm may indicate fetal distress associated with a lack of oxygen and nutrients.

The third ultrasound to determine the degree of maturity of the fetus as a whole and its individual organs. Of particular importance is the study of the readiness to adult existence of fetal lung. If the lungs are not mature enough, the child may die after birth.

How to decipher ultrasound pregnancy - the size of the fetus

At the first ultrasound of the fetus is determined by the size of the gestational sac diameter (DPJ), the coccyx-rump length of the fetus (CTE) that is the size of the crown to rump. To determine the gestational age determined by the size of the uterus.

In the second and third ultrasound determine the size of the fruit are:

• head circumference (OG);
• biparietal diameter (BPD) - a dimension between the temporal bone;
• fronto-occipital size (LZR);
• abdominal circumference (OJ);
• the length of the femur;
• the length of the humerus.

The results obtained are compared with the existing standards. In the case where the received size of less than standard talk about intrauterine growth retardation (VZRP) and appoint an additional examination for circulatory disorders in the "mother-placenta - fetus" (placental insufficiency - FPI).

Explanation of ultrasound during pregnancy - a condition of the placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid

The first ultrasound assess the condition of the outer shell of the ovum (chorionic villus sampling), on which later formed the placenta. From the point of attachment to the uterine wall chorionic to the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen.

On US designates the place of attachment of the chorion, and later the placenta. It is particularly important to determine how the placenta is close to the inner zevu cervix (out of the uterus), and whether it does not cover it. In the latter case we speak of placenta previa and a woman in the future prepare for cesarean section. Sometimes, by the time of the birth location of the placenta changes and then the woman gave birth alone.

In the second and third ultrasound determine the structure of the placenta, which speaks volumes about its maturity. There are 4 degree of maturity of the placenta. Normally the second degree is 32 weeks, and the third - 36, the fourth - after 36. More rapid maturation of the placenta called premature aging. This state indicates poor circulation in the placenta, and requires further examination.

It is measured and compared with the standards of the thickness of the placenta. The change in thickness may be associated with an inflammatory process, so women spend an additional examination.

The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the fetus. In the US determine the number of vessels in the umbilical cord and the location of its hinges. Blood circulation in the umbilical cord and placenta is tested using Doppler.

The amount of amniotic fluid is determined using amniotic index (AI) according to a special formula. Normally, the AI ​​at 28 weeks is 12-20 cm in 33 weeks - 10-20 cm. Growth indicators AI says polyhydramnios, reduction - of dry years. This symptom may indicate poor circulation in the placenta and developing FPN. If intrauterine infection amniotic water can contain impurities.

For an explanation of ultrasound during pregnancy is still better to trust the doctor.

Galina Romanenko

Smecta is not contraindicated during pregnancy. But all pregnant women should still take any medication prescribed by a doctor. This feature requires their condition under which any medication can bring both benefit and harm.

Features of the gastrointestinal tract of a pregnant woman

During pregnancy, the female sex hormone progesterone is Progesterone - norm and pathology Whose task is to support the pregnancy and the suppression of smooth muscle contractions of the uterus. If progesterone is produced is insufficient, this may lead to an abortion of premature abortion Miscarriage - can you protect yourself from it?   or premature labor.

But the smooth muscles of the pelvic organs and the abdominal cavity is innervated by a single autonomic nervous system nerve fibers that go into the composition of the spinal nerves and then to depart in the form of branches to different bodies. Under these conditions, the suppression of the motor activity of smooth muscles of one body (e.g., cancer) necessarily lead to the fact that it is broken and in other organs (i.e. organs of the gastrointestinal tract).

In practice, almost every pregnant woman feels the effect of progesterone on the gastrointestinal tract. Suppressing his motor activity often leads to the formation of chronic constipation, and on their background to even more unpleasant phenomenon - to hemorrhoids.

But except for constipation in pregnant women often have symptoms such as heartburn, bloating and intestinal cramps, leading some women to make their own smektu. Sometimes women, knowing that smectite cleanses the body of toxins, take smektu and nausea, which are characteristic of early toxemia of pregnancy, as well as in some other states. So is it worth doing?

When a pregnant woman can take smektu

As in all other cases, during pregnancy smectite bowels of superfluous substances decay products of food, pathogenic bacteria and their toxins, viruses, toxic products of metabolism and so on. Simultaneously, it will restore the protective properties of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. But smectite moves slowly through the intestines, adsorbed on the surface slag, therefore may contribute to constipation. Smectite in the blood is not absorbed, away unchanged through the intestines.

If a woman does not have constipation (and this also happens), it can sometimes take their own gumption that will clear the intestine absorbs gases and relieve intestinal colic. But often without a doctor's prescription to take smektu it is not necessary - it can lead to the development of dysbiosis, as smectite Smecta - necessary in any medicine cabinet   displays not only harmful bacteria but also beneficial to help digestion.

Sometimes, an obstetrician-gynecologist, after weighing all the pros and cons smektu appoint a course of treatment for a week, and then prescribes treatment helps to restore normal intestinal microflora. Most of these treatments prescribed for chronic infectious and inflammatory and allergic diseases in pregnant women, sometimes during toxicosis. Assign smektu pregnant women and for poisoning, intestinal infections, especially if they are accompanied by loose stools.

When it is not necessary to take smektu

It should not be done if a woman has a tendency to constipation. Smectic further strengthen the lock, and the second half of pregnancy, when the bowel is squeezed still large uterus can lead to intestinal obstruction.

Hemorrhoids in this case develops on the background of chronic constipation, which result in stagnation of blood in the veins in the rectum. Even greater constipation caused smectite can contribute to the development of blood clots in the veins, and this is very dangerous during pregnancy.

How to take a powder

Smectic produced in powder form in sachets of 3 g To take smektu powder should be turned into a slurry. For this purpose, the powder slowly pour in 100 ml of water, stirring slowly. The result should be a uniform suspension.

As almost always smectite appointed as part of a treatment of a condition or disease, you must comply with a break between taking smekty and other medicines at least one hour.

Smectic as any other drug during pregnancy should be administered a physician.

Galina Romanenko