The enema may require child of any age. Of particular importance are the enema in the first few months of life, it is not yet formed a natural intestinal microflora, which helps digest food. During this period, the child is constantly having problems with the intestines: constipation, diarrhea, bloating and so on.
Types of enemas and rules of conduct
Enema - This procedure of introducing fluid into the rectum for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. With the purpose of treatment used cleansing, laxative (including oil), medicinal and nutritional enema. Diagnostic enema - an introduction into the rectum of contrast agents for subsequent X-ray examination.
For carrying young children used enema syringe (pyriform small rubber cylinders), a soft tip of the same material (a continuation of the syringe), or with disposable tips of hard plastic.
The volume of these syringes can be from 30 to 360 ml.
To make an infant enema, a syringe sterilized by boiling (30 minutes), and then dial them the necessary amount of liquid, the tip is lubricated with a sterile baby cream or oil. The child is placed on the left side, bending his knees, then his buttocks and pushing gently, without pressure is introduced to a depth of 3-5 cm tip of the syringe (pre-need to pick up the syringe tip and let the air out of it by clicking on the bottom) . With the introduction of the tip of it should be directed first bit (2 cm) forward, then, minuv internal and external sphincters (special circular muscle, close and open the lumen of the intestine) anus, a little back to a depth of 2-3 cm, then Slowly push the bottom of the syringe.
The liquid is introduced during inhalation child (but not in any way under high pressure), when he breathes and cries, this process is temporarily suspended. After liquid is introduced, it is necessary to bring the tip and gently compress the buttocks with his hands, by holding them in this state for about a minute. After this, the child can be put on the back, then turn to the other side and belly. In this case, the liquid spreads throughout the intestine.
To carry out a cleansing enema for children older than three years, enjoy a mug Esmarch. Its volume is much larger, and the syringe is 1, 5-2 liters. Inflow rate of fluid is controlled by means of a crane, placed on a rubber tube or a special clamp. After an enema child should lie down for about 10 minutes (it is better if it will roll over) until intensify peristalsis and will urge the act of defecation.
Enema for children
Enema is performed with constipation, bloating (if not help venting tube), prior to the various types of studies of the gastrointestinal tract, before leading into the rectum drugs.
For enema nursing baby
Baby man, though with a little finger
introduced boiled water, heated to a temperature below the temperature of the dark of the body (for older children, the water can be a little cool). The amount of water depends on the age and weight of the child and the first six months of life to 30-60 ml with six months to a year - to 150 ml, with 1 to 2 years - to 200 ml with 2 to 5 years - 300 ml, 5 9 years - 400 ml, over 10 years - 0, 5 liters.
In order to enhance the cleaning action of enemas, children under one year in the water you can add a little vegetable oil or glycerin (no more than a teaspoon).
Cleansing enemas are contraindicated in suspected that a child has an acute surgical diseases (intestinal obstruction, acute appendicitis, and so on), as well as in various diseases of the rectum.
Purgative enema for children
At older ages can be carried laxative enema - oil and glycerol.
Sometimes they are also used as a therapeutic for the treatment of inflammatory bowel. These enemas are particularly indicated when muscle spasms bowel accompanied by constipation, as the oil in the gut and cleaved it irritates the mucosa of the intestine, increasing its locomotor activity and promoting easier bowel.
For such an enema in the rectum using a syringe injected 40-180 ml slightly warmed vegetable oil or 5-10 ml of purified glycerin
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. After such an enema chair appears in a few hours (usually in the morning, if the enema is done for the night).
Another type of laxative enemas - with hypertonic sodium chloride solution (10% solution - 10 g of salt per 100 ml water), which attracts water and thereby cleanses the bowel. It is better to do in the event that does not work the muscles of the intestine, it does not move and promotes stool (constipation atonic). The effect of such an enema comes after about half an hour.
Drugs and nutritional enema for children
For medicinal enemas infants often not used syringe, and special elastic tubes (catheters) through which the medication can enter through a syringe for accurate dose. Half an hour before administration of the enema is usually performed only after bowel cleansing
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the medicine was injected. For this purpose it is possible to introduce many drugs, they are absorbed in the intestine faster than by oral administration.
Nutrient enemas do as well as medicines. This is often required when uncontrollable vomiting. The intestines are introduced weak solutions of glucose
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and high salt solutions.
Galina Romanenko