First aid for an attack of angina pectoris

When you first feel the pain in the heart, stop doing something that could cause an attack (for example, if at the time the pain you are trained, immediately stop), and call an ambulance. Do not worry, you can call the doctor for nothing - when it comes to chest pain, especially first appeared or very severe, caution is never excessive. Emergency aid for attack of angina is not always absolutely necessary (especially if it's stable angina), but the patient can not distinguish chest pain Chest pain is one symptom - a lot of diseases Caused by angina symptoms from heart attack. If the cause of the pain was a heart attack, as quickly as possible to qualified medical care - the only way to increase the chances of survival and avoid serious health consequences.

First aid is also necessary to call if angina unusually strong, or if it is accompanied by symptoms that are not observed before. In addition, immediately call an ambulance if the person complaining of chest pains, is in near syncope, unconscious, or he showed signs of mental status changes.

If an acute attack of angina occurred have not the first time, proceed as you are instructed by the doctor.

. In most cases it is nitroglycerine in the form of tablets for sublingual use or grout. It belongs to the class of vasodilators, which relax the blood vessels and thereby improve blood flow to the heart.

Typically, nitroglycerin is recommended to take a sitting position, as soon as the attack of angina. The tablet should be put under the tongue or cheek, do not chew or progladyvat it; Wait until it is completely dissolved. Liquid sublingual nitroglycerin also accept. Nitroglycerin can cause a slight burning sensation in the mouth - this is perfectly normal.

If angina symptoms persist after the nitroglycerin has dissolved, within five minutes after the first dose (not before) it is possible to adopt another tablet. If necessary, another five can take a third dose. If five minutes after the third dose of the attack does not stop, call an ambulance.

Before you take nitroglycerin, consult with your doctor if you have any diseases that cause increased intracranial pressure Increased intracranial pressure is dangerous for the brain , Anemia, low blood pressure, heart failure, and if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. The doctor also needs to know if you are taking any herbal remedies, vitamin supplements or medications, especially such as aspirin, beta blockers (atenolol, carteolol, labetalol, metoprolol, etc.), calcium channel blockers (amlodipine, diltiazem, felodipine, nifedipine ), ergot preparations based on heparin. Furthermore, it should be understood that nitroglycerin can not dissolve in the mouth quickly if the patient takes any of the following drugs - antihistamines, antidepressants (including amitriptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin) and cure chronic inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Symptoms and Treatment Parkinson's disease, ulcers or problems with urination.

The most common side effects of nitroglycerin are reddening of the skin, nausea and dizziness. Seek immediate medical attention if after taking this medicine you have any symptoms such as blurred vision, dry mouth, chest pain, lightheadedness, rash, blisters on the skin or peeling of the skin, itching, difficulty breathing or swallowing, nausea, vomiting, weakness, heavy sweating, paleness.

When such signs of overdose include headache, confusion, fever, reduced or increased heart rate, blood in stool, shortness of breath, a violation of the mobility of certain parts of the body, or seizures, you should seek emergency medical care.

If a patient has contraindications to the use of nitroglycerin, it can be assigned to other means for the relief of angina attacks, for example, korvaton. It also expands the coronary arteries, but it works much slower than nitroglycerin.

Doctors for the relief of angina attacks may use an injection of mixtures Diphenhydramine Metamizole (dipyrone), and other drugs.

If necessary, the patient also give aspirin to prevent blood clots.

How does the circulatory system

The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles, which are divided by a partition on the right and left half .  Each atrium is separated from the respective ventricular valve .  Is left bicuspid or mitral valve, consisting of two flexible plates that are attached to the walls of the heart .  Right valve called the tricuspid, it consists of three elastic plates .  The main task of these valves - do so that the blood moving through the heart in one direction - from the atria to the ventricles, and not vice versa .  The valves open in only one direction - in the ventricular cavity .  With the reduction of atrial blood pressure on the valves, opens them and enters the ventricles .  Thereafter, the valves close, ventricles, and blood flows into the aorta and pulmonary artery, at the entrance of which have their valves - semilunar .  They open to let blood flow from the ventricles, and then closes to prevent her return

Atrial fit large blood vessels, and they come from the ventricles. In the circulatory system conditional release large and small circulation.

Large circulation starts from the left ventricle, from which arterial oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the arteries extending from it, penetrate into the remotest corners of the body in the form of very small blood vessels (capillaries), giving it oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide. The capillaries pass into the vein that returns back to the heart, falling into the right atrium of the upper and lower vena cava.

It starts the pulmonary circulation from the right ventricle, which departs from the pulmonary artery (but it flows carbonation venous blood) is suitable for light, giving carbon dioxide, oxygenated and returned to the left atrium of the pulmonary veins, containing arterial blood.

What is heart disease and its types

Heart disease - a congenital or acquired changes in the valves of the heart walls or partitions, and rays of the large vessels, transforming conditions promote blood within the heart or violate the normal separation between the large and small circulation. Such violations often lead to the development of circulatory failure and stagnation of blood in organs and tissues. Heart defects are congenital and acquired.

Congenital heart defects occur mainly as heart malformations in utero. Acquired defects develop as a result of heart disease or injury suffered by birth. Congenital heart disease is 1-2%, and acquired - 20-25% of all organic (with a change in the structure) of heart disease.

Congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defects conventionally divided into two large groups. The first group includes defects with early onset of cyanosis (cyanosis), referred to as blue. Some of them leads to reduced blood flow in the pulmonary circulation and the other, opposite, accompanied by an increase in blood volume or increasing the pressure in the pulmonary circulation. The second group of congenital heart defects are pale type, without cyanosis, such as cleft interventricular or atrial septal.

Causes of congenital heart disease may be different, it is heredity, illness, exposure to harmful substances, ionizing radiation on the body of the mother during pregnancy and so on.

Most congenital heart diseases treated promptly. If a child with congenital heart disease Heart defects - time heals?   not carried out the operation, the mortality rate is very high. But in some cases there is a spontaneous self-healing - that is, the completion of the formation of tissues in the postpartum period.

Acquired heart valvular disease

Acquired heart defects are divided into isolated, Combined (multiple lesions in the same valve) and combined (lesions in multiple valves).

Defects include mitral valve insufficiency of the mitral valve, mitral stenosis, combined mitral defect with prevalence of insufficiency or stenosis. Similarly classified defects tricuspid and aortic valves. Valvular pulmonary artery usually manifest his failure.

The reason for the formation of acquired heart disease is often a rheumatism Rheumatic fever - are possible complications of heart Which causes damage to the heart valves to a change in their length and shape. In addition, heart defects can occur in the background of atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries Syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus , Valvular different types of bacterial infection (bacterial effects of defeats the inner lining of the heart - endocarditis), ischemic heart disease and injuries of the heart, which may be complicated by the formation of the valve and vneklapannyh heart defects (such as rupture of the heart walls).

Reduced pumping function of the heart, with the inevitable defeat of its valves is often not seen for many years due to the early development of the payment process, both in the heart and in the blood vessels. But over time, these compensatory mechanisms are weakened, and formed heart failure - the stagnation of blood in the organs and tissues.

Treatment of acquired heart disease is carried out by conservative and surgical methods. The indication for surgery is the development of or the threat of complications that threaten the life of the patient.

Heart disease in the majority of cases treated, but the treatment should be timely.

Galina Romanenko