Hypertension - a term used to describe a disorder, which is characterized by high blood pressure. Blood or blood pressure is an indicator of the strength of blood pressure on the blood vessel wall. Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mm / Hg. (mm Hg) and lower. Hypertension is diagnosed when a person's blood pressure is almost always higher than 140/90.

Causes

On the blood pressure can affect many factors, including:

• The amount of water and salts in the body;
• Condition of the kidneys, nervous system, or blood vessels;
• The levels of various hormones in the body.

The risk of hypertension increases with age, as well as factors such as obesity, regular exposure to stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis , Anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease? , Alcohol, excess salt in the diet, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, family history. Hypertension increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure Heart failure - when the heart is unable to cope with the work , Various renal diseases and death at a relatively young age.

Hypertension is caused by a disease or medication is called secondary hypertension. Its causes may be:

• Chronic kidney disease;
• Diseases of the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma or Cushing's syndrome);
• Pregnancy (elevated blood pressure in pregnant women can cause a dangerous condition - pre-eclampsia);
• Some drugs, such as birth control pills, diet pills, medicines for colds and migraines I have a migraine. What to do? ;
• The narrowing of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys (renal artery stenosis);
• Hyperparathyroidism.

Symptoms

As a rule, and especially in the early stages of development disorders, hypertension is asymptomatic. In most patients, high blood pressure is detected when they pass a routine medical examination.

Severe headache, nausea or vomiting, confusion, blurred vision, and / or nose bleeding can be symptoms of severe hypertension.

Examination

To diagnose hypertension, it is necessary first of all to make several measurements of blood pressure in different days. Because blood pressure can change several times during the day, the patient is recommended to purchase a home device to measure the pressure. This will not only give the doctor more information for diagnosis, but also allow the patient to keep track of how changing his blood pressure, and to celebrate the reasons for these changes.

Furthermore, depending on the symptoms, the doctor will examination to detect or exclude heart disease, eye damage, and other disorders. So, spend analysis to determine the level of cholesterol in the blood, an echocardiogram or electrocardiogram, urinalysis and renal ultrasonography.

Treatment

The objective is the treatment of hypertension to lower blood pressure and reduce thus the risk of complications.

In addition to receiving special drugs to control blood pressure, the patient should change your diet and lifestyle in general. As a rule, such changes include: limiting consumption of fatty and salty foods, smoking cessation and alcohol consumption, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight.

Patients diagnosed with hypertension should undergo regular medical examinations in order to monitor the changes in health status and time to identify possible violations.

Heart pain when breathing

Began to feel pain in my heart when breathing, many people think of the worst - of a heart attack and its possible consequences. Indeed, it could be a symptom of heart attack Symptoms of heart attack in women - do not miss time However, there are other disorders in which breathing can be accompanied by pain in the heart.

In heart?

Discomfort and pain that arise in the chest when breathing, many people automatically referred pain in the heart. In fact, in the same area, in addition to the heart, are the lungs, esophagus, muscle tissue, nerves and ribs, and all of them in certain disorders can cause pain.

In the chest?

The cause of chest pain when breathing Chest pain when breathing: Requires access to a doctor Very similar to heart pain may be damaged edges. If the pain began after sports, it is possible that you hurt to breathe because of the injury. Many minor damage to the ribs are themselves within a few weeks or months, however, the presence of any pain in the heart is necessary to pass a medical examination. Pain when breathing may also occur due to diseases of the lungs and gastrointestinal tract.

When you inhale?

However, pain when breathing may be a symptom of heart disease, such as angina Angina: When the heart needs help . Most often this happens if you exercise - there is shortness of breath, a feeling of heaviness in the chest, and then breathe it hurts, sometimes so much that I want to hold your breath as long as possible. If you know that you have angina, sit or lie down and take nitroglycerin. As a rule, the pain of angina attack lasts less than an hour; Sometimes the pain is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. If you have never had such symptoms, immediately call an ambulance.

When breathing?

Heart pain when breathing may be a sign of a heart attack. This pain is almost the same as for angina, but stronger and longer. In addition, the symptoms of a heart attack usually does not go away after resting and taking nitroglycerin. However, the only way to accurately determine the cause of pain in the heart is the electrocardiogram and blood test. If you suspect a heart attack need to call an ambulance or, if for some reason this is not possible, as soon as possible to bring the patient to the nearest hospital.

Sometimes the pain in the heart when breathing is a symptom of a panic attack Panic attacks - fear of nowhere . In this condition a person may also be short of breath, blurred vision, fainting - a mental disorder in which also need to see a doctor.