Neonatal sepsis - a serious infectious disease

March 26, 2014

 neonatal sepsis
 Neonatal sepsis (sepsis newborns) - a serious infectious disease that can lead to death. Most often suffer from neonatal sepsis weakened and premature babies. The earlier the disease is able to recognize and begin treatment, the more hope for recovery of the baby.

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Causative agent

Sepsis pathogens are most often staphylococci or hemolytic streptococci and pneumococci, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some other pathogens. Bacteria enter the body of the newborn before, during or after childbirth. Ways of penetration can also be different: mucosal skin lesions, respiratory tract, umbilical wound, gastrointestinal tract. If infection occurs during antenatal (prenatal) period, it may be the source of infection in the mother.

During pregnancy, any infection that is accompanied by fever, is a danger to the child. Infection usually occurs through the placenta: a child affected by toxins formed as a result of disease-causing bacteria.

Premature babies disease develops in about thirty times more likely than those babies who were born at term. This is due to the fact that premature infants are more sensitive to infections, they are not sufficiently developed defense reactions and barrier functions. The immaturity of protective systems leads to the fact that the body of the newborn can not localize the infection. In addition, one of the major causes of sepsis called immune deficiency.

At risk children as underweight, oppression respiratory functions and congenital malformations. Male babies get sick a little more often than girls.

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Symptoms

Symptoms of neonatal sepsis is infinitely diverse, so diagnosis is often difficult. In general, the clinical picture depends on what the child's organs and systems are affected first. By the initial symptoms may include weight reduction, the rejection of the breast, a common concern and a serious condition. The temperature in this case may not rise: in premature infants, it is sometimes even lower than the norm.

From the source of infection bacteria to quickly enter the bloodstream, the child's condition deteriorates rapidly, it weakens, becomes listless and indifferent. The skin is a characteristic yellowish-gray tint, with time yellowness increases. Especially suspicious appearance of jaundice in the second week of life.

With the development of new symptoms of the disease appear: vomiting, vomiting, diarrhea, swelling rapidly disappearing. Various bleeding (from the umbilical wound, nasal, vaginal, urinary tract). The skin rash. The spleen and liver are usually increased. From the nervous system possible convulsions, anxiety, apathy, sometimes - loss of consciousness.

The course of sepsis can vary. Sometimes the disease develops rapidly, leading to septic shock and death. In some cases, such as in infants with immune deficiency, the disease can last for more than three months in subacute form. Septicaemia is characterized by rapid flow and general intoxication of the organism without pronounced local manifestations and foci of infection. If there septicopyemia expressed localized foci of inflammation - pneumonia, abscesses, meningitis Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges  Meningitis - an inflammation of the meninges
 , Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis: severe inflammatory disease  Osteomyelitis: severe inflammatory disease
 .

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The forms of sepsis

Early sepsis usually occurs during the first weeks of life. The infection in this case usually occurs even before birth, the placenta. In addition, infection may child during birth, particularly if maternal genital inflammation.

Late sepsis is diagnosed, usually on the third or fourth week of life. Infection can occur during the passage of the birth canal and the baby after birth.

Another type of the disease - the so-called "nosocomial" sepsis. Infection occurs in hospitals or hospitals. The most common causative agent of the disease becomes aureus, gram-negative rods are also dangerous and fungal infections Fungal infection: to prevent and defeat  Fungal infection: to prevent and defeat
 .

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Treatment

Treatment of infected children is carried out only in a hospital, in the department of pathology of newborns. For the treatment of sepsis are usually used broad-spectrum antibiotics Broad-spectrum antibiotics - not only treat but also cripple  Broad-spectrum antibiotics - not only treat but also cripple
 . After the establishment of the causative agent antibiotic therapy is adjusted for the maximum effect of the treatment.

The recovery period used adjuvants. Good effect and have different physical therapy procedures. Children have recovered within three years have seen a pediatrician, neurologist and other specialists, depending on the disease and on which organ systems are affected.

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Prevention

To cure sepsis in newborns is not always possible, so doctors usually pay more attention to the prevention of disease. The main preventive measures include:

  • Prevention of infectious diseases accompanied by fever during pregnancy;
  • Watching from the experts during pregnancy, early detection of infectious diseases;
  • Treatment of pregnant women all inflammatory processes, especially in the genital area (ideally should cure all inflammations before pregnancy);
  • Compliance with all hygiene during childbirth and in the first weeks of life;
  • Processing navel soon after birth and attentive care of the umbilical wound;
  • Proper care of the skin and mucous membranes of the newborn;
  • Early treatment of septic infections in newborns.

Maria Bykov


Article Tags:
  • sepsis

Ersefuril - appointed children from an early age

September 19th, 2013

 Enterofuril children
 Ersefuril children prescribed for the treatment of intestinal infections, ranging from months of age, but only on medical prescription. With mild intestinal infections this drug copes easily. However, intestinal infections in children can be very difficult to proceed, including the weighting condition can occur suddenly in the background of inadequate treatment.

 Ersefuril - appointed children from an early age

Ersefuril children in intestinal infections

Due to imperfections in the gastrointestinal tract and immune system Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults  Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults
   intestinal infections in children can be very difficult to proceed. Also, sometimes start out easy for intestinal infection may suddenly become serious. This occurs most often when there is no treatment or inadequate treatment purpose.

Intestinal infection in children most often caused by bacterial or viral pathogens of origin. This intestinal infections of viral origin (such as rotavirus) are frequently complicated by additional bacterial infection - activated own pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, constantly living in the gut.

That is why all intestinal infections in children should be treated only by a doctor, especially in children under one year. For the treatment of mild intestinal infection your doctor may prescribe medications nirofuranovogo series, including ersefuril, an active substance which is a substance from the group of nitrofurans nifuroxazide.

The mechanism of action related to the blockade ersefuril redox reactions in the cells of bacteria - pathogens. This leads to suppression or their metabolic or cell death (at higher doses. Sensitivity ersefurilu Ersefuril - to cope with a slight diarrhea of ​​infectious origin  Ersefuril - to cope with a slight diarrhea of ​​infectious origin
   It shows the majority of pathogens of intestinal infections of bacterial origin.

Ersefuril advantages are the wide range of actions, the creation of a high concentration in the gut, lack of addiction to this drug in the absence of infectious agents, and the suppression of vital activity of beneficial microorganisms of the intestine.

Ersefuril practically not absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, 99% of the dose remains in the intestine and exerts its antimicrobial effect there - in the intestinal lumen creates a sufficiently high concentration of nitrofurans for the provision of the necessary medicinal effect. Displayed ersefuril intestines: Approximately one-fifth of the dose in unchanged form, with the remainder - a chemically altered.

 Ersefuril - appointed children from an early age

How children should not appoint ersefuril

It produces ersefuril French pharmaceutical company Sanofi as capsules for oral administration of 200 mg (they are allowed to take children from six years old) and a suspension for oral administration, which is assigned to one month of age. Up to a month, and especially premature babies, this drug is not indicated because of the immaturity of enzyme systems - it can lead to hemolytic anemia in children.

In some countries (including France) ersefuril allowed to apply to two years. It is not associated with some side effects of this drug, and on the features of the flow of intestinal infections in young children, who at any moment can go from mild to severe. Therefore, for the treatment of small children, some doctors prefer to use antibiotics in common (systemic) action.

You can not assign ersefuril and children with hypersensitivity to the components of this drug. Prior to his appointment suspension ersefuril infants should be excluded from them congenital deficiency of enzymes that break down sucrose.

 Ersefuril - appointed children from an early age

Are there any side effects when using ersefuril children?

Ersefuril usually very well tolerated in children suffering from intestinal infection. The only exceptions are infants (children under the age of one month), premature infants and children with enzymatic deficiency

Because of side effects of this drug are known only to allergic reactions - for children they are rare, but can acquire prevalent. For example, the appearance of hives can be accompanied by the rapid spread of the rash, and merge it into huge blisters. The swelling in this case may move to capture the subcutaneous tissue and soft tissues of the larynx. Allergic reactions in the baby can occur very quickly, so the rapid spread of hives should call an ambulance, without waiting for the swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause  Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause
   reaches the larynx and lead to respiratory failure.

No cases of overdose ersefuril not met.

Ersefuril used to treat intestinal infections in children Intestinal infections in children - a serious risk  Intestinal infections in children - a serious risk
 Starting from the age of one month, but only on prescription.

Galina Romanenko


Article Tags:
  • Enterofuril




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