The nodes in the thyroid gland sometimes must be removed, surgery to remove the nodes called thyroidectomy. As a rule, the so-called holding various sizes thyroid surgery, including removal of nodes. The volume of surgical intervention in this is entirely dependent on the results of examination of the patient and identify pathology.

Indications and contraindications for surgery to remove thyroid nodules

Indications for removal of nodes are: lack of effect of treatment nodes in the thyroid gland by conservative methods and increase their size, components measuring 3 cm or more in diameter, goiter size of more than 40 cm3, the detection of abnormal cells in the contents node biopsy, revealing "cold" nodes in the thyroid scan with radioactive iodine and the propensity of such nodes to grow in conjunction with questionable biopsy.

Absolute contraindications to remove the nodes in the thyroid gland The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones   not, however, examine the patient before the operation to detect and to treat disorders of the cardiovascular system and blood clotting.

Preparation for surgery

All studies of the thyroid gland are usually held before admission, when the question of the need for surgery. In preparation for the surgery patient, the following studies: a general analysis of blood, determination of indicators of blood coagulation, blood infections (HIV, syphilis Syphilis - punishment of Venus , Hepatitis B and C), electrocardiogram. These data are analyzed by surgeons and anesthetists who will perform anesthesia.

The day before the operation the patient should not take drink and food (for 12-14 hours prior to surgery).

How is the operation of removing the nodes in the thyroid gland

The operation is performed under general anesthesia. The volume of the operation depends on the identified pathology. For example, the nodes in the thyroid gland are usually removed the proportion of cases of thyroid cancer, which is the node (hemithyroidectomy). If the nodes are in both lobes of the thyroid gland, it is often performed subtotal resection, preserving the upper pole of thyroid. With the defeat of the entire thyroid gland nodes runs complete removal of the thyroid (total thyroidectomy).

Operation begins with cutting the skin below the neck in a horizontal fold of skin. The surgeon must be recognized familiar with the anatomy of the thyroid gland and the features of its blood supply, as well as have experience in such operations - the risk of bleeding in this case is quite high. The surgeon identifies the thyroid gland, carefully examines it and decides on what exactly needs to be removed. The removed tissue is sent immediately to the study, which should be ready before the end of the operation.

If the histological examination revealed the presence of a malignant tumor Malignant tumor: cells are mad The volume of operations varies and iron is removed completely together with nearby lymph nodes. After the main part ends operation, the wound is sutured (typically using a cosmetic seam).

After operation

Most of these operations take place without complications, because of their appliances verified decades. If the postoperative period passed without complications, the patient discharged on the second or third day.

Postoperative complications may arise. For example, hoarseness (dysphonia) - this complication occurs when the injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. An increase in blood pressure in a patient can develop bleeding.

If you remove most of the thyroid gland (or the entire gland), it decreases its function, so these patients after surgery appointed replacement thyroid hormone therapy (for example, L-thyroxine). If during the operation were found and removed a malignant neoplasm, further treatment is carried out in Oncology Center in accordance with the rules of treatment of cancer.

Surgery to remove the thyroid nodules Thyroid nodules - abnormal growths   - It is a complex operation. Carry it can only be experienced surgeon with experience in the production of this kind of operation. But to delay the operation if doctors believe that it is necessary, it is not necessary - the consequences of such a delay may become a node degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Galina Romanenko

Thyroxine - is the main thyroid hormone Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects Which actively affects all types of metabolism and function of all organs and systems. As medicament applied today synthetic analog of a natural thyroxine - levothyroxine or L-thyroxine.

How does thyroxine

Thyroxine (T4) - is one of two iodinated thyroid hormones. The second hormone is triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroxine has low biological activity, but in the tissues by the enzyme is partially converted to a more biologically active triiodothyronine. Iodine-containing hormones actively influence the metabolism and function of all organs.

After conversion of T4 to T3 by the liver and kidneys, and entry to the cell body has a regulating effect on the growth and development of tissues, and metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting .

In small doses, a L-thyroxine has an anabolic effect, ie, it promotes the synthesis of proteins that accelerate the formation and renewal of the structural parts of cell, tissue and muscle structures. In high doses, L-thyroxine stimulates the growth and development of tissues, increasing their requirement for oxygen, it stimulates all types of metabolism (protein, fat, carbohydrate) enhances the function of the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. In high doses, a L-thyroxine inhibits the production of hormones of the hypothalamus (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) and pituitary glands (thyroid-stimulating hormone - TSH).

The therapeutic effect is no earlier than one week after the start of treatment. After the cancellation of L-thyroxine, he kept the same throughout the week.

Which diseases are taking a L-thyroxine

The main indication for the reception of L-thyroxine is the reduction of the thyroid gland - hypothyroidism. In this case, the drug is often necessary to take a life.

Another disease in which often prescribe a L-thyroxine is euthyroid goiter - a disease in which increases the amount of thyroid tissue (formed goiter) with normal thyroid hormones in the blood.

In diffuse toxic goiter resistant to suppress thyroid function a L-thyroxine is prescribed after reaching normal thyroid function tireostatikami.

Take a L-thyroxine once a day, in the morning half an hour before meals individually selected dosage.

Contraindications

Contraindications for the purpose L- thyroxine are: increased sensitivity of the patient to the drug, untreated hyperthyroidism (when the blood contains large amounts of thyroid hormone), myocardial infarction, acute myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), untreated adrenal insufficiency, hereditary intolerance of simple carbohydrates ( galactose), lack of the enzyme lactase to digest the lactose malabsorption or simple sugars - glucose and lactose.

With care a L-thyroxine is used in coronary heart disease, persistent increase in blood pressure (cardiac arrhythmias, diabetes, severe long flowing hypothyroidism, malabsorption syndrome (malabsorption of nutrients in the small intestine).

During breastfeeding also should be designated before a L-thyroxine to cause any disturbances in the child he can not.

Side effects of L-thyroxine in its correct application in the dosage prescribed by the doctor is not shown.

Is it possible to overdose of L-thyroxine?

In case of overdose of L-thyroxine showing signs of increasing thyroid function: heart palpitations, irregular heartbeat, heart pain Pain in the heart - always consult a doctor , Anxiety, tearfulness, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Trembling of the limbs and sometimes the whole body, insomnia, sweating, increased appetite, diarrhea, weight loss.

When these symptoms should stop taking the drug and seek medical advice. In accordance with the state of the patient's physician may reduce the dosage of L-thyroxine, completely cancel it for a few days or designate drugs for suppressing side effects.

Thyroxine - a thyroid hormone, has an active effect on all organs and body systems. Therefore prescriber composed of synthetic analogues of thyroxine may be a doctor.

Galina Romanenko