Hypothyroidism is called primary when the process that caused the failure of the thyroid gland, begins directly in its tissue. This is due to injury, congenital abnormal development, inflammatory or allergic process, including the allergy to the body's own tissues, the destruction of the thyroid gland by exposure to radiation, surgery on the thyroid gland.

What causes primary hypothyroidism

The cause of primary hypothyroidism, arose immediately after birth or within the first two years, is a congenital disorder of the thyroid gland, the presence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women inherited structural features of the thyroid gland, the reception of a pregnant woman drugs that suppress thyroid function (eg merkazolila, used to treat elevated thyroid function).

Primary hypothyroidism may result from the development of the inflammatory process in the thyroid gland - thyroiditis. This inflamed tissue is gradually replaced by connective tissue, which can not produce hormones.

Congenital thyroid atrophy involves a complete absence or a sharp decrease in the volume of its fabrics. If congenital hypothyroidism Congenital hypothyroidism: start treatment as soon as possible   caused by genetic processes, the child gradually formed a nodular goiter.

Primary hypothyroidism can occur due to violations of release of thyroid hormone or due to the reduction of tissue sensitivity to these hormones. In adults, primary hypothyroidism is formed more often in women after forty years. This is mainly due to the autoimmune processes occurring in the thyroid gland, when inflammatory process is the result of an allergy to their own thyroid tissue. Autoimmune process became increasingly occur in young people, including children.

Signs of primary hypothyroidism

In primary hypothyroidism in patients appear lethargy, daytime sleepiness and sleep disorders Dreams: how to understand our dreams   night, the inability to warm up (patients constantly freezing), impaired memory, slow speech and movement, decreased ability to work, pain in joints and muscles, puffy and pasty face, hands and feet. Nails become brittle, streaked longitudinal and transverse stripes. Hair fall out, make thin, whipped at the ends. Sometimes hair loss causes the hair become rare in other cases, hair loss is alopecia.

By decreasing the amount of thyroid hormones Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects   often increases body weight, there are pains that arise from the infringement of spinal nerves, including those caused by herniated intervertebral.

The lack of hormones can cause menstrual disorders (too heavy or, on the contrary, is too brief and scanty menstruation, the complete absence of menstruation, hoarseness due to swelling of the vocal cords, hearing loss). The voice may be hoarse.

If the primary hypothyroidism is far gone, the appearance of the patient has the characteristic form: swollen face (especially pronounced swelling in the lower eyelids), pale yellowish color, fixed (broken facial expression) features appear larger. Language swells, grows in size, sometimes do not fit in the mouth on the side of its surfaces appear crisp prints posterior teeth. The skin is dry to the touch, cold (impaired thermoregulation), the patients can not tolerate the cold.

There are muscle pain, reduced muscle strength, fatigue, and sometimes - jerking of muscles. The volume of the muscles may increase due to the proliferation of these connective tissue, muscles made tight, stiff.

Changes in bone occur mostly in children, in adults, they are rare, they sometimes in advanced hypothyroidism there is bone loss due to calcium loss (osteoporosis). There may be a violation of metabolic processes in the joints (osteoarthritis), pain in joints Joint pain - how to understand what is going on? .

The lack of thyroid hormone causes a disturbance on the part of the blood circulation: slow heart rate, pain in the heart, sometimes - irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure with an increase mainly lower, diastolic pressure.

Due to the swelling of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract occur constant bronchitis and pneumonia. Often these diseases occur continuously and without raising the temperature. He suffers from the entire gastrointestinal tract, especially characterized by constipation and stagnation of bile in the biliary tract.

In most cases, there are various mental disorders and intellectual impairment.

Serious complication of primary hypothyroidism may be hypothyroid coma, which occurs when the patient did not receive long-term treatment. In this case the confusion comes first, followed by a deep stable of its loss, which is accompanied by a decrease in body temperature.

Helping patients with primary hypothyroidism can only replacement thyroid hormone therapy.

Galina Romanenko

People with diabetes Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , You need every day to take care of their feet. The reason for this rule is that a person can start complications even before he realizes that there is a problem.

If damaged nerves feet and other parts of the foot, minor cuts and sores often go unnoticed. Therefore, it is important to regularly inspect their feet so as not to miss the problem and prevent infection and serious complications - such as gangrene or amputation.

Daily foot care is essential. In 85% of cases, amputation may be avoided if in time to heal the wound. This means that you need to inspect your feet every day, and every two or three months pass examination by podiatrist, who can help identify the problem in time.

Tips for regular foot care in diabetes

Daily care:

• Wash your feet with warm water and mild soap. Then you need to carefully dry the feet with a towel. Particular attention should be paid to the areas between the toes, especially prone to infection by fungal infections Fungal infection: to prevent and defeat . That the skin is not too dry and cracked feet should be lubricated cream or lotion, avoiding areas between the toes.
• Feet can not steam out not to remove the top layer of the skin and prevent the occurrence of infection. Those who has nerve damage, you need to carefully control the temperature of the water, as this may burn the skin of the feet, he felt that the water is too hot.

Weekly maintenance:

It is necessary to cut toenails. The cut is made in a straight line with a pliers pedicure. To the nails have not started to grow, it is not necessary to round the corners or trim their nails on the sides. You should also polish your nails with special nail file.

Daily inspection of feet

It is necessary to inspect the top and bottom of the feet, if necessary, using a mirror. You can also help to ask someone to help you with a tour of the feet. It is also necessary to inspect the feet each time you visit a doctor.

On examination of the feet is necessary to pay attention to:

• Cuts / scratches if they are, they should wash with mild soap and warm water, brush with antibiotic cream recommended by your doctor, and put on this place a sterile bandage. If on-site cut or scrape began redness, oozing liquid or separation began with the smell Discharge with a smell - a woman should not smell like fish , You should immediately consult a doctor.
• Ulcers: in small scratches or cuts that heal very slowly or sores and abrasions that occur when wearing unsuitable shoes may get an infection provokes ulcers. To prevent foot ulcers, scratches and wounds should be treated immediately after the start of detection. You should also tell your doctor about any existing problems with your feet. It is important to provide treatment as soon as possible.
• Dry skin: to preserve the softness of the skin, use a moisturizing soap and lotions. The lotion should be applied, avoiding the areas between the toes, as the increased level of humidity in these areas can cause the growth of fungus.
• Blisters: when wearing uncomfortable shoes blisters and blisters. Do not pierce them not to carry infection. You just need to wash the blister, apply an antibacterial cream on it and put on top of sterile bandage
• Cracks, itching, redness between the toes: it is the signs of athlete's foot, a fungal disease that is down. In order to prevent amplification of infection as soon as possible to begin treatment - doctor always tells you what pills or creams should be used for this purpose.
• Calluses / corns: every time you take a shower or bath is necessary to clean off calluses and corns using a nail file or grinding Penza. But do not try to remove the corn from the first time, it is better to do it gradually. Also, to remove calluses and corns do not need to use a pharmaceutical agent. Cut them as impossible.
• Plantar warts: the cause of these painful growths that resemble calluses, is a virus. They grow on the soles. For their treatment should consult a doctor.
• Ingrown toenails: to prevent ingrown nails, trimming nails, you need to cut them only on the top line. If ingrown nails into the skin may appear pain, redness, and as a result may start the infection. To solve the problem, consult your doctor.
• Bleached / yellowed nails: with the nails become thick and very brittle. This suggests the presence of a fungal infection. To cure the infection and restore healthy appearance of their nails, you need to see a doctor who will prescribe drugs for long-term treatment.
• Redness, heat, swelling, or pain: symptoms of inflammation and infection. It is necessary to consult a doctor immediately.
• Bluish skin or blacken: this indicates circulatory disorders. If the foot grows cold and turn blue or blackened, you should immediately, without delay, contact the hospital.

When to see a doctor

You must consult your doctor in the following cases:

• Changes in skin color
• Changes in the skin temperature
• Swelling of the foot or ankle
• Pain in the legs
• Open wounds on the foot, from which the liquid oozes or which heal very slowly
• Ingrown nails or toe fungus
• Calluses and corns
• Cracks on dry skin Dry skin: care and treatment Especially at the heel
• An unusual and / or odor resistant toe

How to protect your feet

• Do not walk barefoot
• It should only wear shoes without a heel, completely covering the foot
• Break in new shoes should be gradually
• It should only wear comfortable shoes
• Always wear cotton or wool socks
• When buying shoes should be measured on those socks that you normally wear.