What poisons contained in mushrooms

The current starting toxic plants, including fungi, are different chemical compounds that are predominantly alkaloids, glycosides, plant soaps (saponins), acids (hydrocyanic acid, oxalic acid) and others.

Alkaloids are complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. These salts are well soluble in water and are rapidly absorbed in the stomach and intestines. Glycosides easy to fall into the carbohydrate (sugary) part and several other toxic substances.

How does poison mushrooms

Poisonous mushrooms often selectively act on a particular organ. Thus, there are fungi, toxins which affect primarily the central nervous system, heart, liver, stomach and intestines, and so on. But some mushrooms are toxic to not one, but on many organs and body systems. Yet even in this case, the selective effect on specific organ always appears earlier and at a lower dose of poison.

Typically, the poison mushroom absorbed into the blood in the lower intestine, some of which irritate the mucosa, thereby enhancing the absorption of the venom. In acute mushroom poisoning often develops toxic damage to the gastrointestinal tract (gastroenteritis). Poison mushrooms is an irritant to the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestine: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. At the same time under the influence of poison mushrooms is bleeding into the wall of the stomach and intestines (haemorrhagic gastritis and enteritis).

Poisoning pale toadstool

Pale toadstool contains toxic alkaloids falloin, phalloidin, Amantino. 100g fresh mushrooms or 5 g of dry phalloidin contained 10 mg and 13 mg of 5 Amantino (lethal dose Amantino - 0 1 mg / kg weight of human being). These poisons are not destroyed by heat treatment and drying, are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood and collected (deposited) in the liver.

Yad pale toadstool has a toxic effect on the liver, kidneys and gastrointestinal tract by acting directly on the cells of these organs, damaging them and causing the dissolution of the membrane of the cells themselves (autolysis).

The first signs of poisoning appear within 6-24 hours after ingestion, pale grebe. This uncontrollable vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea (including bloody), severe weakness, a violation of water-electrolyte balance, acute heart failure with a sharp decrease in blood pressure Blood pressure - dangerous if his swing?   (collapse), acute psychosis with hallucinations (patients see, hear, feel what is really there). At 2-3 days increased liver and spleen, the skin becomes yellow (jaundice). Kidney refuses to work - hardly stands out urine, and together with it and poisons. There comes a coma. Very hard pale toadstool poisoning occur in children.

The first aid to be given to such a patient is to gastric lavage (a few times to clean water) and purgation Colon Cleansing - How to put an enema?   (enema). In the first day of blood purification is carried out by hemodialysis Hemodialysis: artificial kidney   (through the apparatus "artificial kidney") and hemosorption (removal from the blood of a variety of toxic products by passing the blood through a special device in the artificial filter consisting of adsorbents (such as activated charcoal), which are easy to absorb and precipitated the large molecules of toxins).

Poisoning fly agaric

Poisonous mushroom are the active principle alkaloid muscarine and muscaridine that are destroyed by heat treatment. These alkaloids act primarily on the nervous system.

After 1-6 hours after eating a person has nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Then join sweating, salivation, cough (bronchial secretions also accumulated a lot), blueness of the skin, delirium, hallucinations, convulsions and loss of consciousness. Pupils are narrowed.

Treatment consists of gastric lavage, enema. The hospital patients were forced diuresis: intravenous plenty of fluids and diuretics, causing toxins, together with the liquid removed from the body.

Poisoning lines and morels

Morels and gelvellovuyu lines contain acid which is destroyed by heat treatment. Poisoning develops after eating bad-cooked mushrooms.

Gelvellovaya acid causes the development of hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells) in the blood, thereby appear vomiting, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms Diarrhea, urine red (with a large amount of hemoglobin released in the destruction of erythrocytes). There is damage to the liver and kidneys.

Treatment: gastric lavage, enema, forced diuresis.

Mushrooms collected independently in the forest - it is always a source of increased danger.

Galina Romanenko

Omeprazole belongs to the drugs, known as proton pump inhibitors. Its main effect is in reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach. Omeprazole, sometimes in combination with other drugs used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a disease in which the gastric juice of the stomach rises through the esophagus, causing heartburn and often damage the esophagus. With omeprazole eliminate the symptoms of GERD, esophageal thus allowing to recover and prevent further damage to the esophagus.

Omeprazole is, moreover, used to treat diseases in which the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. This drug is also used to treat ulcers and its recurrence in the case if it was caused by certain types of bacteria.

How to take omeprazole

Omeprazole is available as a capsule with enteric coated granules for solution preparation, and tablets. Capsules and solution should take no less than 1 hour before a meal. If omeprazole used to treat diseases caused by a H. Pylori, it must be taken once a day; for the treatment of disorders associated with excessive production of gastric juice, may need 2-3 doses daily.

Not to forget about receiving omeprazole, it is recommended to take it every day at the same time. Tablets and capsules can not chew the contents or mix with food. If you forget to take omeprazole, do not double the dose, just take the next one.

Contraindications

Do not take omeprazole if you are pregnant or breastfeeding; it also can not be taken as a child. Omeprazole should not be taken by patients who are allergic to this medication, as well as dekslansoprazol (Dexilant), esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantoprazole (Protonix), rabeprazole (Aciphex). It should inform your doctor if you have had allergic reactions to any other medicines.

In diseases of the liver omeprazole should be taken with caution.

Drug Interactions

• The following drugs may affect the action of omeprazole:

ampicillin (Principen), anticoagulants (blood thinners) such as warfarin Warfarin - indirect anticoagulants , Atazanavir (Reyataz), benzodiazepines, such as diazepam (Valium), cilostazol (Pletal), clopidogrel (Plavix), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), digoxin (Lanoxicaps), disulfiram (Antabuse), diuretics (diuretics), ketoconazole ( Nizoral), nelfinavir (Viracept), phenytoin (Dilantin), saquinavir (Invirase), tacrolimus (Prograf), voriconazole (Vfend), as well as various food additives Food additives - basic classification Containing iron. Tell your doctor if you are taking any of these medications.

Side effects

While receiving omeprazole patient may experience symptoms such as stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation Constipation - Watch out for food , Flatulence, nausea, vomiting, headaches and fever. In most cases, the appearance of these symptoms do not require removal of the drug. They are tested for several days alone or disappear soon after treatment. If the side effects are causing you great concern, consult your doctor.

When symptoms of a severe allergic reaction Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat   We need to interrupt the use of omeprazole and seek medical help immediately.

People taking omeprazole for a long time, the bone becomes more brittle, and increases the risk of fractures. Especially high probability of such complications in patients older than 50 years.