Reglan relates to prokenetikam that stimulate the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract including esophageal sphincter muscle, stomach and small intestine, by interacting with the receptors of acetylcholine and dopamine. Esophageal sphincter, which is located between the esophagus and the stomach, which normally prevents release of acid and other stomach contents into the esophagus.

Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal sphincter is weakened and does not hold back emissions of stomach contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and injury of the esophagus (esophagitis, or inflammation of the esophagus). Reglan reduces stomach acid emissions, strengthening muscles esophageal sphincter. Furthermore, Reglan stimulates the muscles of the stomach so that it is quickly emptied and deduced liquid and solid food in the intestines.

Some patients, especially diabetics, nerve damage stomach may complicate the functioning of his muscles, causing delayed gastric emptying and, as a result, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heartburn (diabetic gastroparesis).

Reglan interacts with the dopamine receptors in the brain which affect the feeling of nausea, thereby reducing this symptom.

• Other names: metoclopramide, Raglan
• The drug is sold by prescription: yes
• Availability of generic medicines: yes
• Dosage Form: Tablets - 5 and 10 mg Syrup - 5 mg / ml, injection - 5 mg / ml

Safekeeping

Tablets and syrup should be stored at a temperature of 15-30 C. Reglan for intravenous use should be stored at room temperature - 20-25S.

How to use

Reglan is used for short-term treatment (4-12 weeks) of patients with heartburn, esophagitis and gastroparesis. It is also used for gastric emptying before radiological examination. Furthermore, using Cerucalum treat muscle dysfunction of the small intestine, which can mimic the symptoms of intestinal obstruction (principal signs in both cases are nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension). Cerucalum sometimes used to alleviate nausea after surgery or chemotherapy Chemotherapy - it always falls the hair? .

Dosage and reception

In the treatment of GERD is usually prescribed intake of 10-15 mg Cerucalum four times a day for 30 minutes before eating. For the treatment of gastroparesis is necessary to take 10 mg Cerucalum 4 times a day, three of them - for half an hour before meals and at bedtime once Dreams: how to understand our dreams . Do not take more or less medication than prescribed by your doctor. Improvement usually becomes apparent 2-8 weeks after the start of reception. The manufacturer does not recommend taking Reglan for more than 12 weeks. Even if you feel better soon, go to the end of the designated physician treatment. Do not stop taking Reglan without first consulting your doctor.

If you find that one or more tablets in the package is damaged, do not take them, and contact the pharmacy where to buy medicines.

Interaction with other drugs

Since Cerucalum promotes gastric emptying, it can increase or decrease the absorption and the effectiveness of other drugs that are absorbed in the small intestine. For example, the effect of diazepam and cyclosporin in combination with tserukalom amplified. Conversely, Reglan can reduce the concentration in the blood and, as a consequence, the efficiency of digoxin and cimetidine. Due to the very high risk of dangerous side effects and excessive release of neurotransmitters, Reglan should not be prescribed to patients who are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), selegiline (Eldepryl), and procarbazine (Matulane). Parallel assignment of anticholinergic drugs can decrease the effectiveness of Cerucalum.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Reglan is not safe for pregnant women, and can be assigned to it only in extreme cases. Reglan is excreted in breast milk. Nursing mothers should avoid the use of Cerucalum or abandon breastfeeding.

Side effects

Most patients can tolerate receiving Cerucalum in small doses and for a short period of time. The risk of neurological side effects increases with a longer receiving the drug at high doses. The most common side effects are drowsiness Cerucalum, increased anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease? , Lethargy, insomnia and depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood . Among the most serious side effects Cerucalum - symptoms that mimic a Parkinson's disease, involuntary muscle movements, facial grimacing, and dystonic reactions. Fortunately, these symptoms are rare and usually - but not always - disappear when the patient stops taking Reglan. In patients with Parkinson's disease after taking Cerucalum deterioration may occur. Reglan can temporarily impair the ability to drive or operate machinery.

Attention

This medicine can cause a condition known as tardive dyskinesia or tardive (PD). In some cases, this disorder is chronic. The most likely to develop PD in those taking Reglan for more than three months, in large quantities, as well as in older patients (particularly in elderly women). Contact your doctor immediately if you notice at unusual involuntary movements. This disease can not be cured, but some of its symptoms disappear or diminish after stopping Cerucalum.

Chronic hepatitis - a disease that can develop, both independently and be a consequence of suffering acute hepatitis. In any case, patients with chronic hepatitis should always be under the supervision of a doctor and strictly follow all recommendations.

Causes of chronic hepatitis B and its species

Chronic hepatitis - is an inflammatory process in the liver, which lasts at least six months. The cause of chronic hepatitis is often a viral infection - hepatitis B, C, D. These viruses have a direct damaging effect on the liver cells (hepatocytes). Contagious chronic hepatitis? Chronic viral hepatitis is contagious, the infection is transmitted from an infected person to a healthy sexual contact and through blood transfusion when it is, organ transplants, as well as inadequate use of sterilized medical instruments.

Chronic hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time   liver toxicity may develop in lesions of hepatocytes drugs, alcohol (chronic alcoholic hepatitis) or various chemicals. All these agents have a direct destructive effect on liver cells. Chronic hepatotoxicity may occur when taking drugs such as halothane, methyldopa, isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, phenytoin, zidovudine, ketoconazole, tetracycline, clarithromycin, nifedipine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and hormonal contraceptives. Chronic toxic hepatitis Toxic hepatitis - the impact of harmful substances on the liver   not contagious.

Chronic hepatitis may also occur on the background of autoimmune processes, wherein the immune system "learns" the liver cells and produces antibodies thereto, which destroy them. Today, we found that chronic autoimmune hepatitis develops in certain congenital disorders.

Chronic reactive hepatitis Reactive hepatitis - a liver reaction to severe extrahepatic disease   It develops on the background of severe long proceeding diseases of other organs and systems. He is often referred to as non-specific, secondary hepatitis.

Classification of chronic hepatitis on the specifics of the disease:

• chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) - sound flowing, usually without complications, sometimes referred to as inactive, but it is not quite true;
• chronic active hepatitis (CAH) - aggressively proceeding with large areas of necrosis and progressive destruction of liver cells, often turns into cirrhosis of the liver with a partial loss of its function.

There are also chronic cholestatic hepatitis - a disease that occurs in violation of the outflow of bile at the small bile ducts.

Symptoms of chronic hepatitis

Acute and chronic hepatitis have similar symptoms, but the symptoms of chronic hepatitis B is usually less pronounced. They may be different, it all depends on the causes of the disease, its characteristics and duration of the course and extent of damage to the liver cells. Common symptoms are weakness, fatigue, heaviness, or pain in the right upper quadrant, anorexia, nausea, intolerance to fatty foods, excessive bleeding, occasionally itchy skin, joint pain Joint pain - how to understand what is going on?   and muscles, fever.

Exacerbation of chronic hepatitis accompanied by increased itching of the skin, the appearance of jaundice staining of the skin and mucous membranes (especially pronounced yellow sclera - is the earliest sign of exacerbation), dark urine and feces discolored. It is also a sign of acute liver enlargement and increased her pain.

Chronic hepatitis in children is most often a persistent character, are replaced by periods of exacerbation of clinical and laboratory remission. Exacerbations are more often 1-2 times a year, at least - more than two times a year. But it is possible and continuously relapsing course (chronic active hepatitis), it is more common in acute onset of the disease. But more often chronic hepatitis in children develop slowly, with a slow increase of symptoms and exacerbations associated with acute respiratory infections.

Diagnosis of chronic hepatitis

Although the characteristics of the disease, the diagnosis of "chronic hepatitis," must be confirmed by additional research data. ALWAYS ultrasonography (US) of the abdomen, if necessary, under ultrasound done percutaneous liver biopsy with subsequent histological examination of tissue taken.

From the laboratory tests are carried out: general blood and urine tests, blood tests on liver enzymes and bilirubin, analysis autoantibodies.

How to treat chronic hepatitis

During exacerbation of chronic hepatitis treatment begin with the appointment of bed rest and proper nutrition. A diet for chronic hepatitis should exclude products that have a negative effect on the liver. Drug therapy depends on the kind and degree of hepatitis activity so chosen physician individually.

Prevention of chronic hepatitis - is prevention of viral infections and the elimination of any toxic effects on the liver. If the patient is vital drugs with hepatotoxic, their purpose should be accompanied by regular liver function tests.

Galina Romanenko