Nitrofurans

Nitrofurans group of synthetic antibacterial agents whose mechanism of action is based on the violation of cellular respiration of bacteria. At low concentrations in blood nitrofurans suspending bacterial growth (bacteriostatic effect) and high - kill bacteria (bactericidal effect).

By nitrofuranam susceptible gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (they differ in that the former have a more dense capsule and therefore keep the paint in the Gram staining), and chlamydia, some protozoa (Trichomonas, Giardia) and fungi of the genus Candida. On the effectiveness of exposure to infectious agents nitrofurans inferior to most antibiotics, but they rarely develop resistance bacteria. Nitrofurans disadvantage is that they give significant adverse effects. Apply nitrofurans for the treatment of urinary tract infections (furadonin), intestinal infections, infections caused by protozoa (trichomoniasis, giardiasis - furazolidone) and externally as a rinse and washing festering wounds (furatsilin).

Nitrofuran furazolidone

Furazolidone - antimicrobial and antiprotozoal (affecting the simplest) means a group of nitrofurans. It is available in tablets and granules for suspension. The ingestion gives cell respiration and other biochemical processes in the bacterial cell, which facilitates the destruction of bacteria and shell cell death. Resistance to furazolidone microorganisms develops slowly.

Under the influence of furazolidona bacteria emit fewer toxins, and therefore the improvement of the general condition of the patient comes before the final suppression of the growth of microorganisms. Unlike antibiotics furazolidone not only inhibits and even activates the immune system, in particular enhanced phagocytosis (the ability of leukocytes to absorb and dissolve bacteria).

Furazolidone is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, it has little effect on the pathogens of purulent and anaerobic (without air-paced) infection.

Furazolidone inhibits the activity of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO) - an enzyme that promotes the disintegration of stress hormones How to beat stress? Create an oasis   - Adrenaline and noradrenaline, so when it is used in patients may appear slight excitement.

In addition, furazolidone may sensitize the body to the action of ethyl alcohol, so it is used for treating alcoholism Treatment of alcoholism: the main thing - support for loved ones : When taking alcohol during treatment furazolidonom the patient has nausea, vomiting and other unpleasant phenomena that cause a negative reflex to alcohol intake.

In complicated infections welcome furoolidona combined with aminoglycoside antibiotic treatment (for example, gentomitsinom) or tetracycline (eg doxycycline) - a mutually reinforce their antimicrobial properties.

Indications and Contraindications

Furazolidone is used for dysentery, paratyphoid, giardiasis, food poisoning, trichomoniasis, infected wounds and burns, chronic alcoholism.

Contraindications for the use of furazolidone are hypersensitivity to the drug, pronounced renal dysfunction, lack of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (an enzyme that has been actively involved in metabolic processes, the lack of it leads to hemolytic anemia), pregnancy, breast-feeding Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!   baby, children under one year.

C care appoint furazolidon even for minor violations of the kidneys, liver and nervous system.

Furazolidone overdose and adverse effects when used

Overdose furazolidona can cause acute toxic hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time   (liver inflammation), hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells with) a toxic irritation of the peripheral nerves. In such cases, you should immediately stop taking furazolidone, stomach wash, take an antihistamine (eg, suprastin) and B vitamins

When receiving furazolidone may experience side effects: loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions (skin rash, redness and itching of the skin, angioedema), slight excitement.

Furazolidone - old reliable proven remedy for the treatment of intestinal infections.

Galina Romanenko

How to treat salmonellosis in adults

Drinking plenty of fluids. In the treatment of salmonellosis in adults as well as children, it is important to avoid dehydration. Doctors recommend drinking at least 200 ml of water after each episode of diarrhea - in addition to the normal volume of water that a person drinks daily. It is recommended to maintain the moisture balance in the body only by water, fresh juices, broths and decoctions of herbs. Avoid drinks that contain a lot of sugar - they aggravate the symptoms of salmonellosis.

Rehydration drinks, as a rule, it is recommended to drink only adults who have serious chronic diseases, and patients older than 60 years.

If earlier treatment of salmonellosis in adults assumed almost obligatory fasting for at least a couple of days, today from the experts there is no consensus on how to be adults to eat, ill Salmonella infection .  Some doctors recommend to their patients, if possible, eat as usual, but to choose the best light meals and have small portions .  Others advise guided solely by their own appetite .  Because of nausea and vomiting associated with salmonellosis appetite can in a few days practically absent, and there is nothing wrong - an adult who does not have serious health problems, without serious consequences survive a few days of fasting (of course, provided that it will get enough fluids) .  At the same time, the experts unanimously recommend to refrain from fatty, spicy and heavy (eg, fried) food to full recovery .

Antidiarrheal preparations from salmonella doctors recommend only in exceptional cases where the diarrhea can lead to severe dehydration. However, some patients still want to reduce the number and frequency of episodes of diarrhea, and decide to use OTC antidiarrheal agents. One of the most effective and safe among these drugs is loperamide. It slows down the bowel, and should not be taken on an extent of more than five days.

Treatment of salmonellosis antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   It may be imposed under very severe forms of the disease, patients aged over 50 years, people with weakened immune systems, and certain cardiovascular diseases. In most cases, such antibiotics are assigned as azithromycin and ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin - action time-tested . Other medications of salmonellosis are used less frequently - cefotaxime and ceftriaxone.

Vaccine against salmonellosis

It is now widely applied only vaccine of Salmonella in animals (usually cattle), but recently scientists have said that they approached the creation of a human vaccine. Researchers have identified eight antigens - molecules in disease-causing bacteria, the most common salmonella in infected mice and humans that the invasion of the body to stimulate the immune response. This discovery allowed scientists to obtain the information necessary to develop a vaccine that protects against salmonellosis.

The study examined the experts 2700 different proteins - about 60% of all proteins that can produce different types of salmonella. It was found that 117 of these proteins act as antigens if they are mixed with serum of mice infected with Salmonella. In addition, scientists have identified 14 proteins that served as antigens in patients with salmonellosis people. Eight of them were also among the 117 antigen identified in the course of experiments on mice. Experts hope that, based on information about these antigens in the near future will be to develop a vaccine that can protect against Salmonella infection. Such a vaccine would be particularly useful for people who have the risk of salmonellosis is much higher than average.

How to avoid the spread of salmonellosis?

• During the treatment of salmonellosis, it is important to take care of not to infect the infection of other people.
• Wash your hands after each toilet. Immediately after that, sure to wipe your hands dry.
• Emptying pot patient with salmonellosis child should be wearing rubber gloves. After that pot to wash with hot water and detergent, and wash your hands thoroughly.
• Patients with salmonellosis should not prepare food or feeding others as long as he did not recover.
• Faeces stained sheets or underwear should be washed separately from other things, at the highest temperature.
• At least once a day wash the toilet disinfectants and hot water.
• Patients should not go to work, school, kindergarten, and so on for the disease, and at least 48 hours after the last episode of diarrhea.
• A man who works in the settlements in the catering school and university canteens, and other places where it is constantly in contact with food, with the appearance of symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting, should inform their supervisor and immediately leave the room in which They are food or dishes, which are served.