What is Lyme disease

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) - an infectious disease caused by spirochetes (bacteria that are strand spirally curved body) and transmitted by ticks. If you suffer from borreliosis mainly the skin, nervous system, joints and heart, and the process often takes chronically.

Since the pathogen is carried by ticks borreliosis, its natural foci are located in the same places as the foci of tick-borne encephalitis (but the incidence of Lyme disease is much higher, encephalitis), that is, wherever there is a forest.

Pathogens borreliosis often live in the body of wild animals (deer, foxes, wolves, rodents). When another deer or rodent bites tick spirochete get into it with the blood of the animal, breed in the intestines and are excreted with the feces. In the mouth of the tick spirochete small, so they fall into the wound often after scratching.

Signs

Borreliosis incubation period (time from infection until the first signs of the disease) is usually about two weeks. Then, on the skin at the site of the tick bite appears growing erythema (redness and swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   tissue), erythema gradually becomes large (up to several tens of centimeters) and becomes bluish red. At the same time in the center area of ​​erythema appears enlightenment, which expands and takes the form of a ring erythema. The ring may persist for several days to several months after it is first a brown spot, and then the scar. The appearance of erythema is accompanied by a rise in temperature, headache, nausea, pain in the joints Joint pain - how to understand what is going on? .

About a month later appear complications in the nervous system (meningitis, cranial neuritis and peripheral nerves), and heart.

It complications begin severe headaches, nausea, vomiting (signs of meningitis), then join the various signs of nerves (eg, trigeminal, with the emergence of severe pain in the face or in a spinal radiculitis). After a while, there are disorders of the cardiovascular system in the form of pain in the heart, heart rate, and cardiac arrhythmias.

After a few months the disease begins the final stage of joint damage, usually large, often knee. It may take several months, and even years, with lesions of the articular surfaces of bones. This disease exacerbation alternating with light intervals when the disease does not manifest itself. Gradually disturbed function of the joints, which leads to disability bolnvyh.

Diagnostics

The manifestations of borreliosis are very typical, besides all the signs of the disease appear after a tick bite. A compulsory laboratory studies: identification anitel to infectious agents (using enzyme immunoassay - EIA) and the DNA of pathogens (by polymerase chain reaction - PCR).

Treatment and prevention of borreliosis

The acute phase of the disease is treated in the hospital with the help of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs as well as drugs that bring the body of toxins and bacteria produce metabolic disorders Impaired metabolism . Appointed as drugs that strengthen the immune system Immunity - types and characteristics in children in adults   (this is particularly necessary when prolonged recurring course of the disease). In remission appointed physiotherapy.

After recovery, it recommended follow-up of patients in the course of the year with periodic laboratory tests. After the disease for several years it preserved immunity, but then maybe re-infection.

To prevent Lyme disease, you need to follow certain rules:

• before taking a stroll in the forest must be carefully put on, trying not to leave open places on the body, on the legs need to wear closed shoes on his head - a hat;
• use when walking in the woods, special medications, insect repellent;
• If you see after a walk on the body of the tick, it is necessary to drench vegetable oil, leaving cotton with oil for 30-40 minutes, then gently (preferably with tweezers) to remove the tick, trying not to crush it, and then lubricate the wound with alcohol or iodine.

If you have started to treat Lyme disease in a timely manner, it is almost always comes the recovery. Running the cases are difficult to treat and often cause persistent disorders of the nervous system, heart and joints.

Galina Romanenko

Antibiotics lincosamides

Antibiotics lincosamides presented natural product lincomycin and close to it on the chemical structure of a semi-synthetic drug Dalatsin (clindamycin).

Lincosamides exert bacteriostatic action on microorganisms (bacteria evolution will cease), inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which leads to the cessation of the growth of microorganisms.

Apply lincosamides to treat severe infections (sepsis, osteomyelitis, lung abscess Lung abscess - severe consequences of serious illness   and so forth), caused by pathogens resistant to penicillins and other antibiotics.

Dalatsin - antibiotic reserve

Dalatsin (INN - clindamycin) refers to a group of antibiotics and lincosamides is the drug provision. This means that it is used in cases where other antibiotics do not have the necessary impact.

Immunity (resistance) to Dalatsin formed as a result of the ability of some organisms (eg some species of staphylococci) in the process of life to produce an enzyme having the ability to deprive drug activity. Several bacteria (e.g., Helicobacter pylori causes gastric ulcer and duodenum 12) may mutate under the influence of antibiotics, resulting in the ability to dalatsina inhibition of protein synthesis in these microorganisms is reduced. Immune to Dalatsin develops quickly and is cross-cutting nature, ie, bacteria that are not sensitive to lincomycin, usually not sensitive to Dalatsina.

Indications for use

Dalatsin available in tablets, in the form of granules for syrup preparation in vials, in the solutions for injection, in the form of a vaginal cream, a gel for external use and suppositories.

Inside in the form of injections dalatsin used in severe infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract infections, urinary infections (chlamydia, endometritis, vaginal infections), skin and soft tissue (infected wounds, abscesses), abdomen (peritonitis, abscesses), oral, acute and chronic osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone), septicemia (blood poisoning), bacterial endocarditis (inflammation of the inner lining of the heart).

Topically as a gel it is used for acne Acne: facial trouble   and infected wounds, in the form of vaginal creams and suppositories - with vaginitis caused by susceptible microorganisms Dalatsina.

Contraindications for use

Contraindications for use dalatsina are:

• Hypersensitivity to the drug;
• myasthenia gravis (muscle weakness);
• severe liver and kidney;
• Pregnancy and breast-feeding Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails! ;
• up to 1 month.

Side effects that may occur while taking dalatsina

Dalatsin hematopoietic function has a depressing effect exerted by the decrease in the number of white blood cells, neutrophils (they protect the body from bacteria-aliens) and a decrease in the number of platelets (blood clotting contribute to increase, with a lack of them can cause bleeding) in the blood.

Also, during treatment with antibiotics of this group may develop colon inflammation (colitis) due to the destruction of the normal intestinal flora and the development of dysbiosis, which entails growth of pathogenic microorganisms and the development of inflammation in the intestines. This is manifested by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bloating. There may be abnormal liver function.

Too rapid intravenous dalatsina been cases of respiratory arrest Stop breathing (apnea) during sleep - upper airway obstruction   and cardiac activity, as well as a sharp decrease in blood pressure. At the site of injection can be irritation, pain and abscess formation in the area of ​​administration.

For external use vaginal cream may occur irritation at the site of application and the development of superinfection (fungal vaginitis). When applying a gel can also occur at the site of irritation, contact dermatitis.

There are also a variety of allergic reactions.

Dalatsin good antibiotic reserve. This means that it can be used only on prescription, otherwise there can be a situation where you will not have such a provision, as it will develop tolerance to pathogens. And if other antibiotics you for some reason do not fit, you'll be one on one with a severe infection. How this ends, many are aware of the classical literature.

  Galina Romanenko