Menstrual disorders may be caused by a variety of reasons, including hormonal imbalances, infections (diseases, sexually transmitted diseases and other infections), malignancies (cancer of the cervix, uterus or vagina), injury and taking certain medications. Treatment of menstrual disorders is assigned to the characteristics of each individual case, the main cause of disorder, severity of symptoms, and the presence of any complications.

The most common types of menstrual disorders:

• Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods after the age of 16 years, or termination of menses for three months or more, in the absence of pregnancy).
• Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation).
• Menorrhagia (extremely heavy bleeding during menstruation).
• Oligomenorrhea (menstrual bleeding time in 35 days or less, i.e., less than 10 menstrual cycles per year).
• Polimenoreya (menstrual bleeding occurring at least 21 days after the previous month, that is, more than 12 menstrual cycles per year).
• Smearing bleeding (weak irregular vaginal bleeding between periods in between).

Sometimes menstrual disorders caused by serious, even life-threatening conditions such as cancer of the uterus. Although such dangerous diseases are relatively rare, in any menstrual irregularities as soon as possible go to the doctor. Early diagnosis and treatment can help avoid various complications, including such as infertility and metastatic cancer of the uterus.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of menstrual disorders, and may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause of the violation. For example, if the cause of menstrual disorders is an infection of the pelvic organs, additional symptoms may be fever, and pain during intercourse.

Other symptoms that may accompany menstrual disorders:

• Burning sensation when urinating;
• The difficulty with the onset of pregnancy, or infertility;
• Fever;
• Pain in the lower back;
• Nausea and vomiting;
• Pain during bowel movements;
• Pain or cramps, pelvic or abdominal cavity;
• Symptoms of perimenopause or menopause, such as hot flashes, headaches, mood swings Mood swings in women - bad character or a disease? , Palpitations, forgetfulness and difficulty sleeping Dreams: how to understand our dreams ;
• Unusual vaginal discharge The whole truth about vaginal secretions .

In some cases, menstrual disorders can be caused by serious or life-threatening conditions such as severe anemia, pelvic inflammatory disease, or cancer of the uterus. Seek emergency medical attention if there are any of the following symptoms:

• Severe pain in the pelvic or abdominal pain;
• Very heavy bleeding during menstruation;
• Vaginal bleeding after menopause;
• Dizziness and / or a feeling of weakness;
• Body temperature above 38.8S.

Causes of menstrual disorders

Menstrual disorders may be associated with the normal stages of development of an organism, such as puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path   or perimenopause. This violation, as a rule, are modest and do not cause discomfort especially strong. The greatest inconvenience deliver menstrual disorders caused by the following violations:

• Extremely low levels of body fat that may be associated with malnutrition, very intense exertion, or eating disorders;
• Endometriosis;
• Obesity;
• Polycystic ovary syndrome;
• Diseases, sexually transmitted infections and pelvic inflammatory disease;
• Uterine fibroids or uterine polyps;
• Cancer of the uterus, vagina, cervix, and ovary.

Possible complications of menstrual disorders

Complications of menstrual cycle and caused their illnesses can be:

• Anemia - because of the great loss of blood;
• Chronic pain in the lower abdomen;
• Infertility;
• Ectopic pregnancy;
• Metastatic cancer that can lead to death;
• The formation of scar tissue in the fallopian tubes.

  Amenorrhea characterized amenorrhea during one or more menstrual cycles. This condition is diagnosed in women in the absence of menstrual bleeding three or more months in a row, and the girls who have not started month to 16 years.

The most common cause of amenorrhea - pregnancy, but it is certainly not a problem. Other causes of amenorrhea Causes of amenorrhea - different circumstances   may be disrupting the reproductive organs or glands that regulate hormone levels. In these cases, a treatment of the underlying disease.

Symptoms

In addition to direct amenorrhea, symptoms of amenorrhea Amenorrhea - Symptoms depend on the cause of the disease , Depending on the cause of its occurrence can be:

• Discharge from the nipple
• Hair loss
• Headache
• Visual impairment
• Increased hair growth on the face

Causes

Most often, the absence of menstruation is natural causes, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding or menopause. However, this disorder may be caused by other reasons.

Contraceptives

The absence of menstruation can occur in women taking hormonal contraceptives. Restoring regular ovulation and menstruation after stopping contraception may take 3-6 months. Amenorrhea also cause contraceptive injections and some types of intrauterine devices.

Medicines

Menstruation may stop because of some medications, including:

• Antipsychotics
• Drugs used in chemotherapy
• Antidepressants
• Drugs used for regulation of blood pressure

Factors related to lifestyle

Stress can temporarily change the functioning of the hypothalamus - part of the brain that controls the hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. As a result of ovulation and menstruation may stop. After reducing stress levels How to beat stress? Create an oasis   menstrual cycle, usually normalized.

Body weight was below normal can disrupt the functioning of hormones in the body; wherein ovulation is likely to be terminated. Very often there is no menstruation in women with these disorders eating habits as anorexia Anorexia nervosa - symptoms and effects on the body   and bulimia.

Strong exercise. The menstrual cycle is often disturbed in women who exercise a lot and for long periods - for example, professionally engaged in gymnastics, ballet, long-distance running. They are affected by several factors associated with the risk of interruption of the normal menstrual cycle: low weight fat tissue, stress and high energy consumption.

Hormonal Imbalance

• There are many diseases that can cause a hormonal imbalance, which in turn often leads to a lack of menses.
• Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome can cause a relatively high and stable levels of hormones, whereas in the normal menstrual cycle should occur some fluctuations in hormonal levels.
• Thyroid dysfunction - it increased activity (hyperthyroidism) or underactive (hypothyroidism) commonly causes menstrual disruptions, including amenorrhea.
• A benign tumor of the pituitary gland can also cause amenorrhea.
• Sometimes monthly terminated due to premature menopause. For most women, menopause begins in 45-55 years, but for some it can occur up to 40 years.

Anomalies in the structure of genitals

Absence of menses may result from variations in the structure of the genital organs, for example:

• The scars on the uterus. In particular, the menstrual cycle can be broken because of Asherman's syndrome - a condition in which scar tissue forms on the inside of the uterus. This can happen after surgical abortion, caesarean section or after treatment of uterine fibroids.
• Lack of reproductive organs. Sometimes girls are born without any parts of the reproductive system - for example, without a uterus, cervix or vagina. The normal menstrual cycle is not possible in this case.
• Structural abnormalities of the vagina. Obstruction of the vagina, for example, due to the fact that the hymen completely covers it, can be the cause of amenorrhea.