Symptoms of kidney stones were well known to the ancient physicians such as Hippocrates, Avicenna, Celsus and others. Do not know why there are stones in the kidney, doctors have learned in those days to help patients with renal colic attacks. The problem of kidney stones is relevant today.

Kidney stones - as they appear?

Kidney stones occur in violation of the metabolic processes in the body. This leads to local changes in the kidneys to form them (in their own kidney tissue in cups and pelvis) stones and salt formed from organic compounds of urine.

The composition and structure of rocks is largely dependent on the metabolic disorders Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things Which led to the formation of stones. For example, in violation of purine metabolism can form urate stones (uric acid), in violation of the exchange of oxalic acid - oxalate, calcium and phosphorus - phosphate.

Phosphate rocks most often found in infections of the kidneys and urinary tract infections when the urine becomes alkaline in nature, it becomes viscous and at the same time blood circulation in the small blood vessels of the kidneys.

The symptoms of kidney stones

The symptoms of kidney stones may be different, the manifestation of the disease depend on the state of renal function, degree of violation promotion urine urinary tract, amount, shape and location of the stones, the presence of infectious and inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract.

The most common symptom of kidney stones is the diverse nature of pain in the back, waist, sometimes extending to the hip, crotch, to the bladder Urinary bladder - structure and function In the penis and scrotum in men and women labia. The pain can be aching, constant, not too intense. The pain intensified after a long walk, shaking in transport, drinking plenty of fluids, a significant physical activity. The pain of kidney stones Kidney stones - why women tolerate it harder?   may also towards

Another sign of kidney stones is periodically appear blood in the urine (hematuria). The appearance of blood in the urine Blood in the urine - a reason for serious concern   due to the fact that the passing of the urinary tract, ureteral stone wall injures that begin to bleed. Exit Signs of kidney stones - is, above all, pain and hematuria. There may be, and voiding mandatory as part of (sustained) sometimes painful urinary urgency or urinary retention. Reliable sign of kidney stones is a discharge of stones or sand during urination.

In some cases, the disease is asymptomatic, it can be detected only by chance, in a study of urine on radiography or suddenly developed a renal colic.

Symptoms of kidney stones in individuals elderly are less pronounced. Renal colic at this age is much rarer than in young patients. Due to lower the tone of the ureter in elderly patients with the disease is often painless.

Kidney stones create conditions for the stagnation of urine, so it is often compounded by infectious-inflammatory processes in the kidneys and urinary tract. This in turn creates additional conditions for stone formation.

Symptoms of renal colic

Renal colic - it suddenly started having very strong pain in the lumbar region, associated with the presence of kidney stones or ureter. Pain while there is one-sided and sometimes sharp, cutting, cramping. Pain can give to the groin, genitals and intensified when urinating. Simultaneously, the patient may be nausea, vomiting, severe headache, bloating.

The main cause of renal colic is a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney. The most common cause of renal colic is a blockage of the ureter stone got there from the kidney. Thus there is a severe disturbance of blood circulation in the wall of the renal pelvis or ureter (ischemia). It is the cause ischemia and severe pain.

Renal colic usually occurs at the location of stones in the ureteropelvic department or physiological narrowing of the ureter. Acute pain attack caused a sharp violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney, increasing vnutrilohanochnogo pressure, stretching the fibrous capsule of the kidney, violation of blood and lymph circulation in it.

Severe pain in the lumbar region may spread to the abdomen, which can lead to intestinal paresis (violation of his motor activity).

Patients with renal colic requires urgent care, the pain can not be tolerated, they must be immediately removed. To relax the smooth muscles of the urinary tract of the patient is recommended to be placed in a warm bath, introduce antispasmodics (Nospanum, papaverine).

Symptoms of kidney stones may be different, but in any case the patient should consult a doctor immediately.

Galina Romanenko

Tuberculosis of the kidneys - the most common form of tuberculosis of the urinary organs. In men, the disease is more common than in women. In the initial stages of tuberculosis is difficult to distinguish from kidney pyelonephritis, moreover, these pyelonephritis sometimes complicates tuberculosis kidney.

Why and how renal tuberculosis begins

The cause of renal tuberculosis is getting into the body of an infectious agent - Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tubercle bacillus). Feature renal tuberculosis is that infection enters therein from the primary sites of infection (e.g., light) in the two kidneys, but develops and causes disease is often only one. In the other kidney focal changes are latent (hidden) in good condition and adequate treatment of immunity or regress.

There are the following forms of renal tuberculosis: Tuberculosis of the renal parenchyma (own kidney tissue), tuberculous papillitis (tuberculosis renal papilla), cavernous tuberculosis kidney, fibrous-cavernous tuberculosis of kidney, kidney tuberculoma, tuberculosis pyonephrosis.

With blood Mycobacterium tuberculosis can fall also in the adrenal glands. The inflammatory process in them is usually chronic.

Symptoms of renal tuberculosis

Symptoms of TB of the renal parenchyma are vague, worn character. Most often, the disease does not manifest itself and detected by chance in the investigation of urine, which detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Sometimes, the main symptoms of the disease are weakness, malaise, decreased ability to work, small temperature rises, dull pain in the lower back. The reaction to the tuberculin (a mixture of leachate heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures of human and bovine species, which is administered intradermally to identify allergies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or p. Mantoux tuberculosis kidney usually questionable or weakly.

Tuberculous papillitis is a destructive form of tuberculosis of the kidneys, which leads to ulceration of the renal papilla and the appearance of blood in the urine. In multiple lesions of the renal papillae disease occurs with fever, chills, malaise, weakness and severe back pains.

Cavernous tuberculosis kidney does not develop immediately, but as a result of the progression of the pathological process in the kidneys with kazeoznym (caseous) collapse of the tissue and the formation of cavities. If it affects the renal pelvis of the kidney grows connective tissue with scar formation, preventing the excretion of urine from the kidney in the affected areas.

Fibro-cavernous tuberculosis kidney develops due to proliferation of connective tissue and leads to renal scarring. Tuberculosis pyonephrosis is the end of the process and a complete destruction of kidney tissue to form a bag filled with pus. Patients concerned about a feeling of heaviness and pain in the affected kidney. At the same time increases the intoxication, the patient loses weight.

Tuberculosis of the adrenal proceeds chronically sick are concerned malaise, weakness, lethargy, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms The total weight loss, dark pigmentation of the skin, lowering blood pressure. There may be signs of hypoglycemia Lowered blood sugar - hypoglycemia signs   (decrease in blood glucose) because of violation of carbohydrate metabolism.

Tuberculosis of the kidneys in children

In children, renal tuberculosis is rare and is a little more than 2% of all cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis Extrapulmonary tuberculosis - many forms . Get sick more often older children and adolescents who have tuberculosis goes unnoticed and is detected by chance.

A feature of renal tuberculosis in children is that the active tubercular process in the kidneys combined with active tuberculous process in the primary lesion, whereas in adults it usually does not happen.

How to identify tuberculosis kidney

Identify TB kidneys are not so simple, because the process is often asymptomatic. When the initial examination is of great importance urine. Sometimes the urine of other diseases may accidentally reveal the presence in it of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Diagnosis of renal tuberculosis is also carried out by X-ray examination, which reveals where the focus of inflammation and its prevalence. In addition to the review carried out radiography renal excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, and other studies.

The treat tuberculosis kidney

Patients received a comprehensive conservative treatment: antibiotics, fortifying agents, vitamins. It is important to good nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. In some forms of renal tuberculosis (cavernous tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   kidney pyonephrosis) without surgery is necessary.

Treatment of renal tuberculosis can continue in sanatorium conditions - it will help to complete faster and better recovery of renal function.

Galina Romanenko